Shi (poetry)

Shi (诗) is the Chinese word for " poem". However, it is well equipped for a classic lyric genre that originated in the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty reached its peak and is mainly distinguished from the older C - poem.

Origins

From the 2nd century BC, the Yuefu (乐府) began to develop Shi - the poem that was to dominate Chinese poetry until the modern day. The authors of these poems took the five- character line of the Yuefu, but expressed so complex ideas. Shi poems give generally more of your own person the poet's expression as how the Yuefu, of a fictional character. They were often romantic nature and especially influenced by Taoist thought. Through a recent variant, the seven- character couplet, which form the immanent possibilities have been further developed further. In any case is before the last three characters of a line a break, the broken line in groups of two and three or four and three characters.

Gushi

As Gushi (古诗) " poems in the classical style ", are sometimes referred to above, mostly anonymous shi- poetry. In addition, the term stands for the documents drawn up in the same form creations of later poets.

The shape of the Gushi is compared with the later Jintishi still largely free; there are only two restrictions: The line length of five or seven characters (五言 古诗Wuyan Gushi or七言 古诗Qiyan Gushi ) and the need for a rhyme every other line.

The Gushi found primarily in the narrative poetry appeal, as well as authors, who sought a relaxing and imaginative style. Li Bai is the most famous of them, but most of the great poets wrote significant Gushi.

Jintishi

Jintishi (Chinese近 体 诗/近 体 诗, Pinyin jìntǐshī, poems in the newer style '), emerged from the 5th century and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty.

Compared to the Gushi they are considerably more stringent metric rules: Their eight paired lines always exist in the uniform of five or seven characters. In addition Jintishi require a balance between the four tones of the classical Chinese (flat, rising, incoming, lowest) and depending on the type of a particular verse structure, in which the third and the fourth pair have both grammatically and content to make exact parallels. Basic forms of Jintishi are:

• Lüshi (律诗/律诗, lǜshī, strict rhyme ') A stanza consists of two stanzas à four verses. There are pairwise parallelisms required.
• Jueju (绝 诗/绝 诗, juéshī, short rhyme ') A stanza includes only four verses.
• Pailü (排律, páilǜ, broken rider, strict ( rhyme) ') A certain verse number per stanza is not mandatory. The sound patterns and parallelisms of the second and third rhyme pair to be repeated in any number. The first and last couplet in each case does not require parallelism.

Among the most important Jintishi poets include Wang Wei, Cui Hao, but especially Du Fu.