Shorea
Shorea roxburghii on Khao Tha Phet in Surat Thani (Thailand), planted by King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Shorea is a genus of flowering plants in the family wing of the fruit family ( Dipterocarpaceae ). The about 200 species are common in Southeast Asia. Many species, the wood is used, for example, Meranti, Balau, lauan and bangkirai.
Description
In Shorea species are mostly around large trees. The stem base is often provided with buttress roots. The tribes are covered by a cracked or peeling bark. The leaves are arranged opposite one another on the branches. The more or less leathery leaf blades are simple and entire. The veins do not run together reticulate. The early sloping side blades have very different sizes depending on the type.
The flowers are borne in terminal or axillary, loose, zymösen, paniculate inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. Of the five sepals are three large and two small. The petals are hairy and white, yellow or pink colored. There are rarely to 12, usually 15 or 20 to 100 stamens present. The anthers are ovate, oblong or fiddle -shaped.
The mostly one-seeded fruits are winged, these five equal -sized wings develop from the sepals.
Dissemination
The genus Shorea is widely used in Southeast Asia. Your northernmost occurrences are in southern China and on the southern edge of the Himalayas, south to their range over Indochina extends to the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. In northern India the Salbaum ( Shorea robusta) forest is forming.
System
The genus Shorea in 1805 by William Roxburgh in Karl Friedrich von Gärtner: placed De fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum ...., 3, p 47. Type species is Shorea robusta Gaertn .. The generic name honors Shorea Sir John Shore. A synonym for Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn. is A.DC. Pentacme.
There are about 200 (up to 360) Shorea species.
Use
A number of Shorea species are important timber trees. The following trade names are used for individual species or species groups:
- Yellow Balau, Balau, bangkirai ( Shorea laevis): This species has a wide distribution area in tropical Southeast Asia. The heartwood is brown to yellowish or greenish, the sapwood is color distinct. The bulk density is 0.7 to 0.9 g / cm ³.
- Balau, bangkirai: Shorea subg. Rubroshorea: in addition to Shorea laevis following types are marketed under this name: Shorea atrinervosa, Shorea crassa Shorea exelliptica, foxworthyi Shorea, Shorea glauca and Shorea havilandii. The bulk density is from 0.7 to 1.05 g / cm ³.
- White meranti, Melapi: Shorea subg. Anthoshorea: This term covers a number of types is summarized (about assamica Shorea, Shorea bracteolata, Shorea dealbata, hypochra Shorea, Shorea javanica and Shorea lamellata ) of southern China over Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia to Malaysia and Indonesia occur. The heartwood is light yellow, the sapwood is color- indistinguishable. The bulk density is 0.45 to 0.85 g / cm ³.
- Yellow meranti, meranti kuning: Shorea subg. Richetia: Again, a number of species (about acuminatissima Shorea, Shorea faguetiana, Shorea gibbosa, Shorea hopeifolia and Shorea multiflora ) with presence in Indonesia and Malaysia. Heartwood and sapwood are yellow, the bulk density is from 0.4 to 0.75 g / cm ³.
- Dark red meranti: Shorea subg. Rubroshorea: Beneath this label woods gather with brown to red heartwood and sapwood of them contrasting. They come from the species Shorea curtisii, Shorea hemsleyana, Shorea macrantha, Shorea pauciflora, platyclados Shorea, Shorea rugosa var uliginosa and Shorea Singkawang. The bulk density is from 0.5 to 0.8 g / cm ³.
- Meranti bukit Punai: Shorea ovata: Color- similar to the Dark- red- meranti group comes this species from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia. The bulk density is from 0.6 to 0.75 g / cm ³.
- Light red meranti: Shorea subg. Rubroshorea: From the same subgenus as the dark red meranti - group, with similar color, but by the following species: Shorea acuminata, Shorea dasyphylla, johorensis Shorea, Shorea lepidota, Shorea Shorea parvifolia and macroptera. The bulk density is from 0.3 to 0.7 g / cm ³.
- Meranti Tembaga: Shorea leprosula: Very similar to the light -red meranti - group, some of the same species are traded under this name. Bulk density 0.3 to 0.55 only g / cm ³.
- Balau, bangkirai: Shorea subg. Shorea -: Heavy wood with dark red or brown heartwood and contrasting sapwood. The following species are classified here: Shorea balan geran, Shorea collina Shorea guiso, kunstleri Shorea, Shorea ochrophloia and Shorea guiso. The bulk density is from 0.75 to 0.9 g / cm ³.
- Salbaum or Sal ( Shorea robusta)