Shuffling

When mixing is defined as the generation of a random sequence of cards of a card game. The mixing is often followed by the lifting of the cards.

Mixed methods

There are various methods to mix cards. Certain methods result in better mixing, while other methods easier to learn and to handle or are better suited for specific situations.

Riffles

The most common method is called in English riffle shuffle, German " arc mixing ". In each case, one half of the card is arched in each hand with the thumbs inward. Then the cards are released simultaneously from the thumb, so that they dovetail into each other irregularly. Then, the halves are pushed together.

The riffle shuffle can be carried out both in the air and on the table. The latter is mandatory in most casinos, in order to exclude an Espy the lower card. When casino riffle shuffle the halves with the narrow sides to each other on the table, so that touch their rear corners. Then the rear edges are raised with the thumb while the interlocked halves and pushed together afterwards.

A disadvantage of the riffle shuffle is the risk that inferior quality cards can be bent during careless mixing. In gambling, it is already common and advisable to renew the playing cards in the course of an evening.

About hand

The overhand mixing is another favorite for amateurs technology. The cards in a hand are usually kept on the narrow sides. With the thumb of the other hand are gradually pulled off smaller packs of cards in this. Compared to riffle mixing it takes much longer and requires more mixing operations until a similarly strong mixing is achieved. In addition, it offers far more opportunities for manipulation approach and is therefore not used in casinos.

Stripping

Another technique is called its stripping. Here, small groups of cards from the top or bottom are removed from the deck and added to the other side or assembled on the table in reverse order. This is a much less efficient method, and is not recommended, as long as it is not used in conjunction with the riffle.

Press and mesh compartments

Pressing the mesh is a method in which the ends of the two halves of the deck are pressed against each other, they merge with each other. This requires skill and practice as well as the compartments in which the halves laid in the form of a fan and can be moved together.

Ransack

The rummaging through the stack of cards (german washing the deck or scrambling the deck ) is considered by many to be quite amateur method of mixing, but gives very good results and is used in casinos when you use the new card decks and following from time to time. A set of cards is laid out in two sheets or more parcels with the face down in front of the dealer and mixed as well as possible with the fingertips and palm in a circular motion. New cards are shuffled so a minute or two, done the rummaging between games, only ten to fifteen seconds, usually ransacked. Thereafter, the cards are piled up and aligned on a package. In the professional operation then closes to the ransacking usually three times ribs, a stripping times, again riffles and then take off to.

Stack

The forming stacks is no randomization, but is used to solve adhered cards. The cards are in turn sorted into piles, so cards that were next to each other before, are now separated.

Accident

Normally the stack is not mixed to five good riffles, and only after seven he is truly random. ( In case of poor mixing methods course more mixing operations are accordingly required).

Another opinion is that six shuffles suffice. The difference depends on how the chance of a card stack is measured. Diaconis used a very sensitive test for randomness and therefore came up with a better result. There are not more sensitive measurements, and the question of which measure of certain card is best, is still unclear.

An example of a very sensitive test:

• It is a rummy - sheet without jokers (ie 52 cards ) and divides it by color, two colors in ascending order ( from ace to king ) and two colors are sorted descending ( from King to Ace ); then the deck will be reshuffled in the desired care. You then go through the deck of cards and try each color in the correct order ( ace, two, three, etc. ) to be interpreted. When you reach the end of the stack, you start all over again.
• Based on the number of passes through the stack can evaluate the mixing. Is seen in this test, the number of sequences in each color ascending remain. In this case, it takes quite a lot of mixing operations, to get rid of both the ascending and the descending sequences in the individual colors.

In practice, the number of required riffles depends both on how well you are in the mixing, and how good are the players in the Note and Use of a lack of coincidence. Two to four shuffles suffice for the game for fun. But for tournament play good bridge players use the missing four random mixing processes, and the best blackjack players can track aces formally through the stack of cards.

There is no manageable way to mix a deck of cards at random. The most reliable method is the most impractical but rummaging through a card game. Even the popular nesting or nesting leaves hardly changes the order of the cards in the deck, even after many passages in proportion to the number of mixing operations.