Siding (rail)

A railway siding (abbreviated Gla ) is the development of a site or building that does not belong to the railway infrastructure itself, by railroad tracks for transporting goods. Sidings are mainly to find logistics centers, transport facilities and military bases in larger industrial operations. Another name is siding. If it connects a private complex with the web, it is called also private siding. As an industrial track is called a rail line that connects the railway station with an industrial factory plant and exclusively the purposes thereof. If an entire industrial area, a harbor, or the like. opened up, there is usually a main track, then branch off from the individual connections. Before the railway privatization these master tracks were in contrast to the main train mostly in the hands of (mostly local ) private railways.

A siding can be used when needed ( " traffic demand ", eg transferring individual freight wagons) or are regularly approached with wagons or even trains ( see connection path ).

• 4.1 In Switzerland
• 4.2 In Austria
• 4.3 In Germany

Junction

A connection point ( short Anst ) is a railway operating point of the open road. Most of them are at a connection point to a device connected to the free route loading track, can be provided on the wagon for loading and unloading.

The built- in the track of the free path terminal crossover is a local Asked Soft generally. It is a signal-dependent set in a control range of track the switchboard, using external key lock. The inherent in this key lock key to switch connection is fixed and can only be removed when it is released from the switchboard. The release of the key locks in a switchboard, setting the roadways that lead into the main track. The setting range of mechanical and electro-mechanical interlocking the key is located in the switchboard and must be taken along when traveling to the siding. The switch is not in position ( so the key is not closed again ), the block section is not released for other schedules. The railway tracks within the siding are over the tracks of the open road protected by a protection switch or a track lock. These devices prevent that rail vehicles that are moved within the port facility, can approach the tracks of the open road in hazardous way. A junction is a train ride or drive lock operated by a so-called "Operation Ride", which is when driving on the siding for shunting.

Dodge junction

If the connection point up so that the block section for another train can be released while there is a train in the junction, it is an alternative connection point ( short Awanst ). The train in the junction is included. The transmission of information via the busy message of the section that is not happening here by the train, but by an otherwise technical connection between Awanst and Zugmeldestelle.

Stop

If the connection point or over- control center locally connected to a breakpoint, it is operationally the stop.

Course Loser siding

For small, seldom-used connection points (eg, a transformer station ) this is partly designed as a soft loose siding. The siding is up to the main track introduced, but a switch is not or only partially available as tongue- and centerpiece loose connection. The switch rails and the frog missing, the rails of the track route to go through. If the junction is to be served, the rails of the track the track shall be implemented and thereafter reset.

An example of this is found on the S -Bahn route of the railway line Witten / Dortmund -Oberhausen / Duisburg at the substation in Essen- Eiberg, halfway to Wattenscheid - Höntrop.

Operating

Boundary of the private port is usually the rail joint between junction points and connection. The boundary is locally marked. A siding and is backed mostly by a track lock, with corresponding requirements by a protection switch.

Connecting Railway

Sidings are usually not public or limited public railways, which are directly connected to the railway network of a public railway, for example, on the track network of the Deutsche Bahn AG. Sidings are usually stand-alone railway infrastructure companies, with large sidings is often performed also a railway company under the same company name. A port switch provides the real connection to the public network. For larger sidings and a station port can be available.

Sidings subject in Germany to supervision by the competent state authorities ( state representative for track supervision ) or the Federal Railway Authority responsible for monitoring and must comply with the construction and operation regulations for railway sidings (BOA) suffice. Sidings of mining ( " pit connecting railway "), nor are also subject to supervision by the mining authority.

The number of sidings has been greatly reduced since many siding are now switched to truck transport on the road, or transported by truck to the nearest railway station. The latter is particularly common in container traffic. Companies are connecting railways usually with shunting or two-way vehicles, and also with winches.

Developments in Germany

In the course of the so-called 250 -million program of Combined Transport and siding in the Federal Republic of Germany was funded between 1969 and 1972. The budget for this part of the so-called liver - plan has been increased due to high demand through 1970 to 1.7 billion DM. By 1970, several hundred new sidings had been authorized. They should be completed by 1974.

In Germany sidings are no longer served due to lack of profitability by the German train or even structurally completely removed as saving measure in large numbers. Thus their number has decreased since 1994 by 68.2 percent to 3,732 sidings in 2008 ( see Table 1). On the other hand, there are still new, sometimes very demanding construction of new sidings, such as the paid for at least 200,000 tons per year reconnection of the Warsteiner brewery, created for a total of 5 km of track in some difficult terrain. Where connections are not completely degraded, but only the operation has been set, many have private railways that can provide their services cheaper than the DB Group over this.

Table 1: Evolution of the number sidings since 1992. The count was changed from January 1 to December 31. The information always refer to the 1st of January. Specifications: German railway

2012, there were 2,374 private sidings in the network of Deutsche Bahn.

Promotion of private sidings

The establishment, reactivation or construction of private sidings are promoted in some European countries, including Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Sweden.

In Switzerland

In Switzerland, private railway sidings are supported by funding from oil since 1986. By 2007, on average the equivalent of about eight million francs per year while spent.

Is supported in accordance with the Regulation on the sidings ( AnGV ) the construction and renewal of railway sidings. Financial assistance for the maintenance, however, are expressly excluded. Be granted such assistance only for sidings with an envelope of at least 12,000 tons or 720 cars per year.

To do this the company that wants to build and promote a rail connection, notify the Federal Office of Transport (FOT), among others, the estimated annual transport volume or number of truckloads. The FOT finally adopt an assurance available, which includes the deadline for the start of construction, the contribution rate, the eligible costs and the maximum amount of the grant and the estimated transport volume.

Funding is between 40 and 60 per cent of eligible costs. Furthermore, the requirement that the delivery fee per ton of folded-over a year may not be less than 30 francs in connection tracks applies; the funding contribution may at main tracks not exceed 4400 francs per track meter. The minimum level is CHF 30,000.

To monitor these requirements, the reports for the siding competent railway company the BAV annually transported on the tracks transport volume and number of truckloads.

The BAV asks the grant back in full if, within five years, a siding after an operating permit is not used or the required minimum transport volume is not reached. There is a partial recovery of the grant if specified in the assurance of available transport quantity is not achieved within five years. Also, a partial recovery of the grant if the siding is finally no longer used; consummate per year of operation decreases the reclaimed contribution by 5 percent. The result is that after 20 years of operation is no longer recover. In any case, an interest rate of 5% per annum will be charged from the payment date on recoveries.

In Austria

Austria reached 1995 on the Swiss model. By 2006, 40 percent of the cost of new or reopened sidings, extensions of existing connections to 30 percent were. The minimum level of production was 15,500 euros, the maximum values ​​of 1.45 to 2.9 million euros.

In the years 1999 and 2000, according to this model 65 private railway sidings were funded with a total of 25 million euros.

A special feature of the Austrian model is the promotion of sidings abroad, provided that transport takes place to and from Austria.

In Germany

To promote recovery in rail freight transport, railway sidings in Germany since 7 October 2004 50 % are funded with federal grants, if they pose a real shift of traffic is expected from road to rail. The appropriate funding program of the Federal Ministry of Transport was initially limited five years.

Support is provided to the construction, reactivation or extension of private sidings with 50 percent of the total cost to a maximum of eight euros per tonne and year, or 32 euros per thousand ton-kilometers per year. The promotion is subject to minimum quantities. The minimum level of 15,000 euros.

2004 were provided eight million euros for the promotion of private sidings, between 2005 and 2009 are each 32 million euros per year. By the end of 2006 as part of the program, 26 private railway sidings were funded with a total of 13 million euros. This 3.1 million tons and 760 million tons -kilometers per year from the road were shifted to rail. This means that around five euros control means each shifted ton or 20.39 euros per thousand tonne-kilometers were spent. The unused funds were used to support intermodal transport. Until early 2008, 41 grant applications were approved with a total of around 24 million euros. Launched in August 2004, funding will expire in August 2009 (as of April 2008). By 2013, in the framework of the support around 120 projects have been supported.

In 2012, 17 private railway track operators received funding in the amount of 14.282 million euros after the siding program. This annual modal shift has been achieved on the rail from 1.921 million tons and 0.587 million tonne-kilometers.

31 December 2012 entered into Germany a new funding policy for new and reactivated sidings into force. This should be facilitated to renewable incentives. Their height is measured unchanged after the annual volume of freight traffic and is up to 8 euros per ton, or (alternatively ) 32 EUR per 1000 tonne-kilometers. A maximum of 50 percent of the eligible costs are paid as a grant. For a period of five years has to be taken within a period of ten years, that the predicted transport volumes have been achieved.