Sign-off

Sendeschluss is called the date on which a radio or television station ended its program.

General

One distinguishes the regular contemporary Sendeschluss (for example, on the night hours, seasonal or when a station is assigned a time window within the frequency splitting) of a temporary or permanent closedown, set the operation after or transferred to another operator.

The regular closedown was ritualized in most radio and TV stations worldwide. Often there was previously one last newscast, followed by program notes for the next day, and often the national anthem. When Sendeschluss the radio and television stations gave up the broadcast of a night program that bridged the night and seamlessly into the morning program (such as the ARD television on TV) passed. The program format of the night program began on November 2, 1947 at NWDR, which in August 1948 was followed by Radio Frankfurt. However, It was regional program formats with cultural content, in part, the night did not completely bridged and thus only delaying the coming of the transmit circuit. The ARD ended 1959 with most radio stations their nightly supply gap and beamed almost throughout Germany that produced in alternate years from a transmitter night together program.

Night program

The military radio stations Belgrade had probably the most famous Sendeschluss history of broadcasting. Because of its huge range, it could be received throughout the Mediterranean to North Africa and had about 6 million listeners. Sung by Lale Andersen soldiers song Lili Marleen became famous especially by the sender, because he played it every day from April 1941 to closedown at 21:57 clock. Only since July 1, 1959 was the " music until the early morning " the first regular community offer the ARD medium wave and closed the gap nightly program. The ARD did not mean about closing their gaps, but had thus responds to the night program stationed in East Germany Germany sender, who wanted to reach the radio silence the ARD radio stations equalized with his send strong medium wave transmitter and shift workers of the Federal Republic of Germany with its propaganda Night program. By 1968, the country's broadcasters had expanded her radio program to a 24- hour program and thus made the Sendeschluss obsolete. Until 1961 AFN Berlin had no night program in Germany and made around midnight closedown. This was used for propaganda purposes in the GDR by from East Berlin to the unused AFN - frequency spread information about communism in English by Radio Moscow. In order to demonstrate the frequency has been sent from August 1961 after the Wall around the clock - the first 24-hour radio program in West Germany.

The ORF broadcast two programs from July 1995 for 24 hours, ending the transmission circuit. Sendeschluss today still have only niche channels such as KiKA ( 21:00 clock ) or television stations that share a channel with another station within the frequency splitting. Sendeschluss overnight or a break in the early afternoon in other countries is also common (eg in Scandinavia).

Full program

Colloquially, it is at the 24 -hour transmitting stations to a full program, which knows no more Sendeschluss. The term full program is media law defined differently, but is colloquially understood for a 24 -hour programming. Television and radio and are now among the media that are available indefinitely and have no more Sendeschluss. Without Sendeschluss there is an ongoing, never-ending flow of technically mediated communication. Today's generations no longer know only three television programs, national anthem to the transmit circuit and test image after midnight.

Germany

In private television there were only in their early stage from inception in January 1984 a transmission circuit. From September 1990 RTLplus sent first weekend without Sendeschluss. In the area of German television there was a transmission circuit until 1994., Where the program ended in the late evening or early morning by the injection of the test image. Exceptions constitute, for example, long and medium wave transmitters, which may not be operated during the night as a result of conditions imposed by the wave plan, since they would interfere with other stations by overreaching. One of these stations was until 1989 the former long-wave transmitter Erching of Germany Radio.

When watching TV were originally on the program closing so-called " breaking news " read (especially in the third party programs ), followed by tables with the program schedule of the following day. Then either immediately appeared due to the shutdown or sometimes after a short time before or on-screen test image of the sender of so-called " snow " or the " noise". In a transition phase, the ZDF bridged the gap night with car trips by Germany and the sound of Radio Berlin Germany.

From April ( ZDF) and May (ARD) in 1985, the National Anthem was played. In the Bavarian television is played to unannotated images from Bavaria, Germany and the EU after the closedown and before the Space Night Bayern anthem, the German national anthem and the European anthem. In the radio Bayern 1 plays these hymns before the injection of the ARD - night express after the news at midnight.

Austria

In Austria, ORF transmits continuously until July 1995. The program concluded the national anthem has been sent since the beginning of broadcasting. Then the so-called "snow" followed, at times was previously still briefly to see a test picture or black screen.

Switzerland

The disconnected end of 2008, medium-wave transmitter Beromunster made ​​shortly after 23 clock Sendeschluss.

European radio stations

Some radio stations that are not in operation 24 hours, playing in front of Sendeschluss a national anthem. So you can listen to the used by Radio Monte Carlo longwave frequency 216 kHz, the national anthem of Monaco shortly after midnight. This custom is also in continuously operated stations can therefore be observed independent of the broadcast conclusion. Frequently, an announcement made ​​in the form "We turn on the news the transmitter on the frequency xy up in the morning at z clock from ". The long-wave transmitter of Europe 1 and the medium wave transmitter of the Voice of Russia make every night Sendeschluss (the former by 1 clock, the latter at midnight ). With stations after Sendeschluss the carrier frequency is either switched off or it sends a permanent break character.

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