Simple machine
Under simple machine is understood in engineering mechanics an apparatus which starting point, direction or magnitude of a force changed to possible proper use of the existing power to do work.
To date, there is virtually any mechanical machine from a combination of simple machines.
Simple machines
We can distinguish four basic simple machines that can not be further broken down into operating principles:
They are the idealization of a translation.
Examples of combined simple machines
- Pulley: rope and pulley
- Wheel and axle: lever and rod
- Wedge: Two inclined planes
- Screw: rod and inclined plane ( the screw was counted in the ancient world to the five basic machines)
- Gear: wheel and axle and inclined plane
- Crank: lever and wheel and axle
These combinations are the basis of all tools. One of the simplest applications, is that in which the direction of force is changed such that the force of gravity can be miteingesetzt supporting ( balance wheel). Others serve the ergonomics, so support about " lack of equipment " of man ( pliers, floor) or " focus " the use of force ( winch, blade, nail ).
History
Simple machines are in use since man has learned to deal with tools. The rod as a cane or club, the wedge as a hand ax, the rope belong to the early days of man as homo habilis - although their use can be demonstrated in animals for the purposes of this simple mechanism.
Tools such as levers and wedges to lift heavy masses, the role of moving seem to have been used already in the first Stone Age construction activities. In Egypt, guide rollers were used to set up the obelisk, for example. Even the Romans used in their construction cranes. Simple machines also form the base of the machine in the modern sense, elaborate work on combinations can be found in ancient times in the Mediterranean region as well as in Chinese. The construction of the great cathedrals of the Middle Ages would be without the use of mechanical machines such as the pulley, winches and treadwheels that were served by wind servants not have been possible ( Crane ).
One of the first to systematically dealt with simple machines, the Slovenian- Austrian mathematician Jurij Vega was in the 18th century.