Sium latifolium
Broadleaf Wish ( Sium latifolium )
The Broad- Wish or Big Wish ( Sium latifolium ) is a flowering plant in the carrot family ( Apiaceae ). This marsh plant is widely used in the moderate latitudes of Eurasia.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The Broad- Wish grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 70 to 150 centimeters. Are formed fibrous roots. The plant parts are bare. The individually standing and branched stem is furrowed.
The alternate on the stem arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blades are imparipinnate and up to 40 cm long. There is Heterophyllie ( Verschiedenblättrigkeit ): there are underwater leaves and air leaves formed. The leaf blades of the submerged leaves are pinnate two to three times and the top sheet portion is linear. The leaf blades of the above-water leaves are simple pinnate with two to six pairs of feathery leaves. These leaflets are 4-7 ( up to 16) cm long and 0.8 to 2 cm wide, lanceolate to oblong and have a sharp serrated edge. The uppermost leaves are slightly reduced and smaller with linear- lanceolate or linealischen pinnate leaves.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from July to August. The terminally and laterally on relatively long -standing Blütenstandsschäften doppeldoldigen inflorescences have a diameter of 6 to 12 cm. The two to six outstretched to recurved bracts are linear - lanceolate and entire, with a length of 3 to 5 mm. There are usually eight to ten, rarely up to thirty 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, unequal rays available. There are some Hüllchenblätter present, they are similar to the bracts and 5-6 mm long. The umbellules each containing 15 to 25 flowers. The flower stems have a length of 2 to 3 mm.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The five tiny calyx teeth are about 2 mm long. The five petals are white. The two pens are bent back.
The Doppelachäne has a two- split Karpophor. The approximately 3 mm long and about 2 mm wide, ellipsoidal part fruits have thin ridges and are thin - corky. The fruits ripen from September to October.
Chromosome number and the ingredients
The chromosome number is 2n = 20
The Doppelachänen contain 6-7 % essential oil, including plenty of limonene. In the parts of plants which are poisonous polyynes: Falcarinol and Falcarinon available.
Autecology
The Broad- Wish is a Hemikryptophyt and a stem plant. It is rooted in the water only up to a depth of 0.6 meters. The underwater leaves finely divided, which serves to increase the receiving surface, as they meet at the same time root function. The stem has a aerenchyma and shows primary growth in thickness. Vegetative propagation is by root sprouts.
Biologically flowers are " nectar leading disk flowers " is available. Pollination is by various insects, especially hoverflies.
The contained in the Doppelachänen 6-7 % essential oil, including plenty of limonene, which by its antibacterial effect prevents putrefaction and thus a floating spread of fruits allowed only.
Toxicity
Roots and fruits are poisonous by the polyynes Falcarinol and Falcarinon. Effects are vomiting and diarrhea, both in humans and in ungulates.
Occurrence
The broadleaf Wish is widely used in the moderate latitudes of Eurasia. It comes in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, the British Isles, Belgium, Netherlands, Poland, Italy, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia, Albania, Denmark, Norway, Finland, the European part of Russia, Belarus, the Baltic States, in Western Siberia and in western Kazakhstan.
The Broad- Wish thrives in nutrient- rich mud bottoms on the shores of inland waters.
Taxonomy
The first publication of Sium latifolium was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum.
Swell
- Pu Fading, Mark F. Watson: Sium. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5, p 116, PDF file online.
- Siegmund Seybold: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for determining the wild and often cultured vascular plants. Founded by Otto Schmeil, Jost hinge plates. 93 fully revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2, p 560