Skin cancer in horses#Sarcoids

The Equine sarcoid (ES ) is a skin tumor of the horse and not to be confused with the equine sarcoidosis. Since this tumor is not prone to metastasis to the internal organs, but it is usually recurs after surgery referred to as semi-malignant. It affects horses of all ages and all races. He usually represents only a cosmetic problem, but can in an unfavorable position ( saddle area ) also lead to the loss of use of the horse. The tumor may be single ( solitary ) or in several places at the same time ( multiple) occur.

Cause

In the meantime, is proof that the cause of equine sarcoid is the bovine papillomavirus ( BPV). In most cases, bovine papillomavirus type 1 ( BPV-1 ) found less commonly type 2 ( BPV -2). The DNA of this virus may be detected in up to 100 % of all tumors. Also, parts of the viral genome can be detected in the blood of affected equines.

Also, a genetic predisposition is suspected.

Clinical picture

Various types of tumors occur. After Pascoe and Knottenbelt six types can be distinguished:

  • Type 1: The occult sarcoid: It appears to be mostly hairless, slightly raised and sometimes slightly nodular hyperkeratotic and increase in size.
  • Type 2: The verrucous sarcoid: It appears as a wart-like increase in size with hyperkeratosis.
  • Type 3: Nodular sarcoid: It appears as subcutaneous nodes of different sizes and can be stalked. The overlying skin is often hairless, but intact.
  • Type 4: The fibroblastic sarcoid: It appears cauliflower-like, with ulcerated surface and serous exudation. It can also be stalked.
  • Type 5: The mixed sarcoid: It shows appearances of verrukösem, nodular and fibroblastischem sarcoid.
  • Type 6: The malevolente sarcoid: It often appears after multiple trauma and can infiltrate the lymphatics. One then sees node whose course.

Both by distance as well as spontaneous, the former lightweight types can turn into serious types.

Treatment

Previously available for the treatment of the equine sarcoid numerous treatment options available, the most, however, are insufficient effective. The spectrum includes operational distances ( cryosurgery, electrosurgery ), chemotherapeutic treatment or vaccination with Bacillus Calmette- Guérin, a vaccine against tuberculosis. A combination of these forms of therapy is also described.

The best cure views with about 80-90 %, the radiation therapy, either as a tele or brachytherapy. The latter form of therapy since 2009 is also available in Germany. This form of therapy is limited by the costs, so that it is especially in small lesions and those in which other methods fail, are used.

Swell

  • O. Dietz, B. Huskamp: Manual equine practice. Volume 2, page 250, Enke Verlag
  • Teifke JP and White E ( 1991): Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids using the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 104 (6): 185-187
  • Nasir L and Reid SW ( 1999): Bovine papillomaviral gene expression in equine sarcoid Tumours. Virus Res 61 (2): 171-175
  • Pascoe R and Knottenbelt D: Manual of Equine Dermatology. Pp. 244-248, Verlag W. B. Saunders
  • Chambers G, Ellsmore VA, O'Brien PA, Reid SWJ, Love S, Campo MS and Nasir L (2003): Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid. Journal of General Virology 84, 1055-1062
  • Yuan Z, Gallagher A, Gault EA, Campo MS and Nasir L (2007): Bovine papillomavirus infection in equine sarcoids and in bovine bladder cancers. The Veterinary Journal, Volume 174, Issue 3, 599-604
  • Brandt S, Haralambus R, Schoster A, Kirnbauer R Stanek and C ( 2008): Peripheral blood mononuclear cells represent a reservoir of bovine papillomavirus DNA in sarcoid -affected equines. Journal of General Virology 89, 1390-1395
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