Social Christian Party (Ecuador)
The Partido Social Cristiano (PSC ) to German Christian Social Party, is a political party in Ecuador. It is classified in the political spectrum of the country right and has its most important support in the coastal provinces of Guayas, Manabi and Los Ríos. With Camilo Ponce Enríquez ( 1956-60 ) and León Febres Cordero ( 1984-88 ) he produced twice the president. Since the return to democracy in Ecuador (1978 /9), he presented the most MPs in the National Congress. Chaired by Pascual del Cioppo.
- 4.1 Presidential Candidates 1978-2006
- 4.2 Recent election results ( 2002-2009 ) 4.2.1 presidential elections
- 4.2.2 parliamentary elections
- 4.2.3 Regional and local elections
History
In the history of the party can be two major sections: The " era Ponce Enríquez " and the " era Febres Cordero - Nebot ," in which each of the named party leaders dominated organizational structure and political orientation of the party. The regional distribution of the electorate is different in the two periods: In the era Ponce of PSC was chosen mainly in the Andean region around the capital Quito, in the era Febres Cordero - Nebot was the coastal region and in particular the port city of Guayaquil, the largest city in Ecuador, the stronghold.
The " era Ponce Enríquez "
The party was founded in 1951 with the name " Movimiento Social Cristiano "; founded (MSC German Christian Social movement). Relevant personality and first chairman of the new party was the lawyer Camilo Ponce Enríquez. The political movement was at that time from a relatively small circle of young representatives of the social elite in the capital, Quito, who were Christian- conservative -oriented, but a more modern political alternative to the traditionalist- clerical Partido Conservador, the determining party for decades of political rights and in particular the conservative landowners in the Andean region, wanted to create. The new party positioned itself as more oriented to the ideas of Christian social doctrine and of Christian Democracy. They sought therefore between the dominant also in Ecuador poles of the Cold War, communism and capitalism -free tendential a "third way ", which, however, the U.S. turned out to be closer to the Soviet Union.
Despite its more social approach, the MSC was an elite- oriented, rooted in the top layer of the Andean Region Party in this period. She was focused on their leader Ponce and inside as in their program as elitist as conservative and has therefore not been called in the literal sense democratic. It consisted of an elite circle, had only a few members and was not associated with the wider community of Ecuador, but this also did not seek. In addition to the dominant political forces of the 1950s, the Liberal and the Conservative Party and the organized followers of the populist Velasco Ibarra, José María, the followers of the MSC took out small and was essentially limited to Quito.
In the presidential elections in 1956 but succeeded the charismatic leaders of Ponce as a candidate of a broad alliance right-wing parties called Alianza Popular (German People's Alliance ), in which in addition to the MSC of the Partido Conservador, the Acción Revolucionaria Nacionalista Ecuatoriana ( ARNE ) and part of the trailer Velasco Ibarra were together, surprisingly to win the presidency. Ponce was the first candidate of the right political camp, who was elected in the 20th century in the presidency. Previously had always liberal or populist (especially Velasco Ibarra ) hold office had. Ponce had the support of Velasco Ibarra, as he during most of the third presidency ( 1952-56 ) had been interior minister during his second presidency ( 1944-47 ) temporarily and Foreign Minister.
Among other things, because Ponce criticized the legacy of his predecessor Velasco Ibarra, this came to pass soon in resolute opposition to the president. Ponce's presidency itself remained mainly through a high degree of infrastructure measures, particularly in Quito and Guayaquil in memory that have been taken partly in preparation for the 11th Pan American Conference, but which never took place. Among other things, the Presidential Palace and the National Congress building were renovated, the airports in Quito and Guayaquil modernized or newly opened, ( the Estadio Modelo ) built a new bridge over the Guayas and a modern football stadium in Guayaquil and renewed major streets and newly built.
The elections in 1960 lost Ponce against his predecessor Velasco Ibarra, who also became his successor. During its presidency, there was again a military coup and a good two-year military dictatorship (1963-1966), stood in opposition to the Ponce and his party. Following the adoption of a new constitution in 1966, the MSC 1967 registered at the newly established Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE ) under its current name " Partido Social Cristiano ." Camilo Ponce retired after again against Velasco Ibarra lost election of 1968 largely from political life back.
To a new leader now was Sixto Durán Ballén, who was from 1970 to 1978 Mayor of Quito. He was a member of the founding circle of the party and have been after 1956 Ponce Minister of Public Works. In the first free elections after the renewed military dictatorship ( 1972-1978/79 ) Ballén Durán was the top candidate of a center-right coalition of eleven parties ( " Frente Nacional Constitucionalista ", dt about National Front supporters of the Constitution ) on the presidential election in 1978. He defeated after hard campaigning led the left -wing populist candidate Jaime Roldós scarce in only in 1979 conducted the second ballot.
At the same time the party grew with the 1978 occurred León Febres Cordero, a new leader.
The " era Febres Cordero - Nebot "
León Febres Cordero was an important entrepreneur in the port city of Guayaquil on his entrance. He comes from a rich and influential family with long and was at that time general business manager of the banana magnate Luis Noboa Naranjo. Under the leadership of Febres Cordero slowly walked social support group, political and regional orientation and organization of the party.
Febres Cordero, a typical political career changers, was presented during the presidential campaign in 1984, which he won, as a modern, efficient entrepreneur who wants to transfer the principles of successful management on policy.
He transformed the image of the PSC away from the traditionalist denomination Party towards a "business party" that wants to reign on " Modern Art" on the one hand according to economic efficiency criteria and on the other hand mainly represents the interests of more internationally oriented business community of the coastal region. The position of the private sector strengthened - During his presidency was - and the appointment of independent ministers from an environment and under the repeated attempt of restriction and elimination of dominated by opposition parties legislature. His economic policies were less strong national- state intervention than that of his predecessors and Osvaldo Hurtado and Jaime Roldós approached more particularly in relation to foreign debt and investments the U.S.. His government has been described as " Thatcherite table " and found in Ronald Reagan a similarly oriented supporters. The image of the PSC has since solidified as a more " neoliberal " oriented, private sector -friendly, occurring for decentralization and deregulation party. The backing layer was transformed little by little from the traditional Christian leadership of the Sierra also elitist towards the business community of the coastal region. This tendency was strengthened under the party chairmanship Jaime Nebots since 1990. 1991 were large parts of the representatives of the Andean region from the party, after it became clear that Sixto Durán Ballén would be not nominated again as a presidential candidate, and founded his own political party, the Partido de Unidad Republicana (German Party of Republican unity ), for the Durán Ballén took in the 1992 elections and won in the second round against Nebot.
Nebot wanted to make the PSC to a People's Party European dimension and across the country organize systematically. To this end, a comprehensive organizational structure was developed from the existing community-based organizations " family committee ". This is due today but de facto in particular a planned networking of local leaders. A People's Party is the PSC in the true sense not even when a leading member of the 1998 membership of 700,000 stated, of which 550,000 are said to have active. The decisions are still taken by a small circle of party leaders around Febres Cordero, Nebot and in 1999 elected new leader del Cioppo. Since the re-election as mayor of Guayaquil Nebots in 2004, showing increasing political power divergences between Nebot and Febres Cordero, which culminated in the expulsion from the party of former presidential candidate Xavier Neira, a confidant Febres Cordero, in October 2006. In January 2007, Febres Cordero waived for health reasons on the performance of his parliamentary mandate; in its place moved the replacement deputy Dimitri Durán in the National Congress.
Since the 1990s, the PSC was his perception and the electorate, especially in the lower classes of the country's largest city, Guayaquil, significantly strengthen. Here, the party since 1992, the mayor, first to 2000 in León Febres Cordero, since Jaime Nebot in.
For improved image contributed one hand populist -oriented ad hoc measures such as supported by the party mobile medical teams for the slums and suburbs of Guayaquil. On the other hand, in particular the policy of revitalization, renovation and building beautification of downtown, the old breakwater ( " Malecón 2000 " ) and other urban areas was welcomed by the PSC - mayor. With it, the mayor followed with the involvement of sponsors from the business community to improve the reputation of the formerly regarded as dangerous and dirty industrial city metropolis, which has largely succeeded.
The election results in the elections of the recent past show at the same time that the PSC although in the Guayas Province and the coastal region has its greatest potential voters, but is also present in the other provinces and provincial prefects, mayors and members of parliament also in the provinces of the Andean highlands and the Amazon lowlands, although there other parties such as the Izquierda Democrática, the Indígenabewegung Pachakutik and the Partido Sociedad Patriótica attract much larger groups of voters. In the 2006 elections the party lost some of their dominance in the coastal region to the PRIAN, the party of billionaire Alvaro Noboa. In the 2009 elections, the PSC asked to not have its own presidential candidate. He went into the province of Guayas an electoral alliance with the new party Madera de Guerrero of the selected prefect Jimmy Jairala, Pierina Correa against the, the sister of the Ecuadorian president, prevailed. Nebot was re-elected as mayor of Guayaquil and the Alliance of PSC and Madera de Guerrero was charged with 11 deputies third largest party in the new National Assembly.
Organization
The supreme body of the party is that usually every two -yearly National Assembly ( Asamblea Nacional). It elects the party chairman and the members of the Bureau. They also formally nominated the presidential and vice presidential candidates for the presidential elections. The statutes of the party to be adopted here. The National Assembly is formed mainly by representatives of the Bureau as well as several hundred delegates to the provincial assemblies. Below the provincial assemblies, there are cantonal assemblies. Provincial and cantonal assemblies have lower-level tasks similar to the National Assembly.
Between the national assemblies takes the National Plenary Council ( Consejo Plenario Nacional), in which the members of the presidium, the questions raised by the PSC ex-president and ex- vice president of Ecuador, as well as the former party leader, the party leaders are members at the provincial level and some delegates of the provinces important advisory functions.
Authentic governing body is the Bureau that Directiva Nacional. It consists of the party chairman (since 1999 Pascual del Cioppo ), the Vice-Chairman, the Secretary, the Treasurer, six other members of the party belonging to ex-president of Ecuador, all former chairman of the party, as well as non-voting members as the chairperson of the internal party dishes, chairman of the Congress Group and others. In addition to the political agenda, the Bureau is also responsible for the preparation and adoption of the Court of Final lists of candidates for all elections except that of the President.
The party has a youth organization that Juventudes del Partido Social Cristiano, whose chairman is a non-voting member of the presidium.
Chairman since 1978
Indicated are all party leaders since the restoration of democracy and re- registration of the PSC in the Register of Political Parties on April 27, 1978
- April-November 1978 Luis Ponce Palacios
- November 1978-February 1979: Marcos Lara Guzmán.
- February 1979 to August 1980: Jorge Haz Villagómez (acting)
- 1980-1988: Camilo Ponce Gangotena (son of the party founder ), temporarily Eduardo Carmignani
- 1988-1990: Marco Lara Guzmán
- 1990-1991: Jaime Nebot
- 1991-1992: Camilo Ponce Gangotena
- 1993: Eduardo Paz (acting)
- 1994-1997: Jaime Nebot
- 1997/98: César Acosta
- Since 1999: Pascual del Cioppo
Election results
Presidential Candidates 1978-2006
Last election results (2002-2009)
Presidential elections
In the 2002 presidential election, the candidate for the PSC, Xavier Neira received 12.1 percent of the vote and finished fifth behind Lucio Gutiérrez ( PSP), Álvaro Noboa ( PRIAN ), León Roldós ( Movimiento Ciudadano Nuevo País ( independent) ), and Rodrigo Borja (ID). In the 2006 elections the candidate Cynthia Viteri received 9.6 percent of the vote and finished fifth behind Alvaro Noboa ( PRIAN ), Rafael Correa ( Movimiento País / PS -FA ), Gilmar Gutiérrez (PSP) and León Roldós (RED / ID )
Parliamentary elections
In the elections for the National Congress in 2002 .. the party received a total of 25.6 percent of the vote in the populous stronghold of the party, the province of Guayas, the candidate of the PSC received 42.5 percent of the vote in the province of Pichincha, the most important in the Andean region, only 5.1 %. In the legislative period 2003-2007 the PSC, thus representing the largest group in the National Congress, first 26, in August 2006 after stoppages mandate (eg by enrolling in lists of candidates for the next election ) still 23 MPs.
In the elections for the National Congress in 2006, the number of elected members of the PSC declined to 13 in all provinces of the coastal region of the PSC from PRIAN, the party of the rich businessman Álvaro Noboa was exceeded, which replaced also the PSC as the strongest party in the National Congress. Of the 13 deputies were five in the province of Guayas and the one chosen in Azuay, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Galápagos, Loja, Manabí, Pichincha and Tungurahua. The MP for Galápagos, Alfredo Serrano, will be the longest-serving parliamentarian in the new parliament. In addition, among other things, ex-President Febres Cordero, the party chairman del Cioppo and Soledad Diab, Miss Ecuador 1992 were elected to parliament. Febres Cordero, however, resigned for health reasons, resigned and was not replaced by his substitute deputies.
In the wake of the political crisis in early 2007 to the convening of a referendum on a new Constituent Assembly, during which voted members of the PSC for the dismissal of the chairman of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, the members of the PSC were like most nationals of other provoking for the measure fractions declared by the electoral court for obstruction of an ongoing election process to be deposed. Once in connection with this matter, the term of office of judges of the Constitutional Court, which had declared the dismissal of deputies to be invalid, terminated and declared void already been, retained the dismissal de facto validity. The homepage of the National Congress therefore dismissed in June 2007, only three formal belonging to the PSC Members, the remaining spare MPs were listed as non-attached.
In the 2009 elections, the PSC achieved together with Madera de Guerrero 11 of the 130 seats in the new National Assembly, thus konstitutierte the third strongest party.
Regional and local elections
According to the regional and local elections of 2004, the PSC prefects of the provinces of Guayas and Manabi, the Prefect of the province of Napo and the mayors of the capital cities of 56 of the 219 cantons of the country as well as eight more by electoral alliances with other parties. Among governed by the PSC cities are the provincial capitals Guayaquil ( Guayas ), Machala (El Oro ), Babahoyo (Los Ríos ), Porto Viejo ( Manabi ), Zamora (Zamora Chinchipe in electoral alliance with ID) and Puerto Baquerizo Moreno ( Galápagos ) and six of the ten largest cities: Guayaquil, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Machala, Durán, Manta and Porto Viejo ..