Soggetto cavato

Soggetto cavato is a technology developed by Josquin des Prez composition technique, the later of the music theorist Zarlino in his Le Istitutioni harmoniche of 1558 soggetto cavato dalle parole - was called - literally " brought the topic of the words". The technique is based on the use of solfeggio and differ depending ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la Guido of Arezzo, which pitches are referred. Josquin combined the vowels of solfeggio and differ depending with the vowels of the text, which he set to music. In the case of the Missa Hercules dux Ferrariae he set to music the words " Hercules Dux Ferrarae "; each of the vowels of these three words is connected to the corresponding Solmisationssilbe, syllables then determine the pitch of:

Her - re

Cu - ut

Les - re

Dux - ut

Fer - re

Ri - mi

After the soggetto cavato was derived from the text, the composer used it as a cantus firmus for his work. The Missa Hercules dux Ferrariae is the first and best known example of soggetto cavato. Josquin wrote more, as a secular piece in which he the phrase " Vive le roy " ( Long live the king, it, ut, mi, ut, re, re, sol, mi - the syllable ut for the letter v used ) set to music. His Missa La sol fa re mi uses a soggetto cavato with a connected story: It seems that Josquin's employer, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, when he was temporarily in financial straits, the request of the composer to pay with a insured " Lascia fare a me " ( Leave it to me) dismissed. Then, translated Josquin's friend, the poet Serafino d' Aquila, the remark in her musical equivalent, and built it into a sonnet, which he sent to the composer. One through-composed of Josquin's chansons, "Mi lares vous ", uses the first three syllables mi, la, re in four of the five votes. And finally uses his motet illibata Dei virgo the name Maria in a poem to the Virgin (theme la mi la ).

The soggetto - cavato technique has been used by other composers for similar reasons. Duke Ercole II ( Latinized Hercules) of Ferrara were five such fairs dedicated to two of Cipriano de Rore, one of lupus, one of Maitre Jan and a Jaquet of Mantua. The pieces are all inspired by Josquin fair. That of Josquin Jaquet cited several times and is the same design as the piece. Jaquet write another Mass, Missa Ferdinandus dux Calabriae, also based on a soggetto cavato.

Also Lupus wrote a more fair with a soggetto cavato, dedicated to Emperor Charles V, Missa Carolus Imperator Romanorum Quintus.

Few other composers that are not their own " Hercules Fair" wrote, used the idea of ​​soggetto cavato. Vaet wrote a work on Stat felix domus Austriae and dedicated it to Emperor Ferdinand of Austria. Adrian Willaert used a soggetto cavato in two motets for Duke Francesco II Sforza of Milan. One of Willaerts Measure without title may also be built on a soggetto cavato.

With the strict cantus firmus composition became the soggetto - cavato technique disuse. A similar process translated composers from the Baroque era include one by proper names in tone letters " translated " and formed from these musical motifs; the best known example is B-A -C -H.

Swell

  • Lockwood, Lewis. " Soggetto cavato, " The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol 20, Ed. Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan, 2001.
  • Morphology
BACH motif
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