Sorge (Schleswig)
The concern in the river system of the Eider
Concern in Haberland
The concern is in the northern Schleswig -Holstein, a right tributary of the Eider.
River
The concern is a confluence of various streams. Only in the triangle between the Owschlager lake, the hamlet of stenting and the village of Alt Duvenstedt the still narrow river is called worry.
From here it travels through valleys overlooking Geest dunes. Here was formerly the Army Road. It flows past the place Sorgwohld and the nature reserve of the same name, as well as Tetenhusen where trees stand on the banks. From then on, the formerly straightened worry again seeks her own way across the moors behind Tetenhusen and Königshügel until they have to leave their original bed at Meggerdorf: The Old concern is cut off from the river and adjacent lowlands in Meggerkoog. It is called today the Old concern loop, in addition to the use of land primarily for grazing a large nature reserve has made it make in the many water birds in spring and fall on her face rest and again storks feed their offspring from the one she in Bergenhusen and Wohlde raise in nests on the roofs and towers.
The concern itself flows at diversion dike to Sandschleuse.
This is a weir with sluice and very powerful pumping station, which was built in its present form in the 1950s to finally protect the farm land behind it from floods, whether fresh waters dammed up in North Sea waters or salt water mixed with Eider water during storm surges.
About six kilometers it still flows as something broader flow through the meadows, and then open Hohner ferry to the Eider. Shortly before, it is still rising on the water of the channel that comes here as quite broad drainage channel from the lake Hohner ago. Her water is pumped.
Old concern, land reclamation
Originally the concern lowlands in itself was a wetland. About the weichmoorig deep underground were several lakes and inland lakes as natural reservoirs for groundwater, river water of the old concern run, for precipitation and melt, and for about the Eider incoming flood the North Sea. With increasing upstream Bedeichung the Eider the tide swelled there at ever higher, so that the water is now regularly spilled out into the still unbedeichte concern lowlands.
There were in the north of the lake and the Börmer Witten Hagen country lake. These lakes joined the Börmer Au with the Meggersee, to the flowing concern, together with the Bennebek, almost all year made it an inland lake. The formerly belonging to Bergenhusen Kleinsee lay beside the western bulge of Meggersees. A small trench connected the waters. After leaving the Meggersees on its western side, the later Old concern made a turning loop to southeast. At this point, she took on the stack Ronne, the common drain of the Norder Stapeler, Southshore Stapeler and the Dacksees. South Meggerdorf, amounting Hölken, drained the Meyensee in the concern. Before the river finally reached the Eider at Hohner ferry, he took on the overflow of the lake from the Hohner Königsmoor.
The lakes and lands of concern lowlands were for the most part the Schleswig Princely House. At the beginning of the 17th century, the then sovereign, Duke Friedrich III, the Dutch Remonstrants settlement between the Eider and Treene had made possible. Frederick city was founded. As expected, were among the immigrants also some hydraulic works knowledgeable men, the strategic thinking and the necessary entrepreneurial courage brought. You are the great plans for the drainage of concern attributable to depression. They were actually, though with great difficulty, implemented and have validity until the present. It was from July 24, 1623 by Christian Becker, Pieter Tristeyn, Joan de Haen, Marten van Bocholt, Franxois van der Schagen, Guiliemus de Renault, Robert Oudart. As of September 9, 1623 were added Carolus Ryckwaert, Pieter de Goyer, F. Noordwyk, Willem van Dam, Claes Jansz and G. vd Gall. ( After JJ Vollenhoven, contributions to the history of remonstrantisch -reformed church in Friedrichstadt, bathing, Friedrichstadt, 1849. )
The project was divided into three construction phases:
The plan area covered the entire valley east of Stapelholmer ridge up to the royal Moor and - to this extent - from the Eider River northward to beyond the Börmer lake. According to the plans should here a 40 km ² large area to be drained and won for the management. For that time, it was an almost unimaginable projects become unmanageable by long-established residents. The plans were approved by the princes and so construction began in 1623. That was the time of the Thirty Years' War ( 1618-1648), which left its mark in the care of depression.
Divert the Bennebek and concern these received a new, joint bed on the east side of the valley concern. This is the new concern. The excavation was within each raised to a dam to depression and named diversion dike. As today's Highway 1 order of diversion dike has dual function. It runs from Old Bennebek / Schusterkate southward, at an obtuse angle to Meggerdorf around until the Sandschleuse at Christian Holm / Meggerholm. At its inception, the building includes soil sink in Schusterkate. In its entire length it locked then the concern from lowland, against the east subsequent Moore. The sand lock was created to regulate the water levels east of the diversion dike including New concern. At its southern end, from sand lock, the diversion dike of the Moordeich is extended in a southwest arc to Erfder Geest. This is the section between Christian Holm / Meggerholm and Erfde / Grevenhorst.
The old river bed of common Bennebek and concern in two places separated from the new river bed through the diversion dike, namely on the north border at Old Bennebek, and on the southeastern border below the Sandschleuse. Since this turning point is called the separated western river Old concern. It serves only as a drainage ditch, but in the capacity of the receiving water main.
The open mouth of concern was still running until then flood the Eider in the care lowlands. This prevents since the Moordeich, as a portion of today's B 202 This dike includes the southeastern flank of the valley. He crosses below Sandschleuse the separation point between old and new concern. The new concern has taken over the old estuary.
In order for the plan area was now closed off to all inflows. The redirection and Moordeich secured the eastern flank. In the south of the ridge Stapelholmer locked the now extended Eiderdeich against the flood, west castle at. The areas north of the lake drained Börmer now on the Rheider Au and New Graft in the treene. Now could be addressed in the second and third phase of construction.
When draining the northern lakes of small Witten Hagen country lake remained unaffected. This surface should be dry fall with increasing drainage of the plane by itself. On the other lakes ring dikes were created to exclude further influx from the lowlands. The outflows of the lakes were filled and instead installed wind-powered pumping stations. Below the Schöpfwerk mills, the outflow took place then, as before, in the Meggersee and further into the now Old concern. For drainage ditches and ensured in accordance scale plots Besides receiving water.
The draining of lowland concern was a well and until then unprecedented project in its magnitude and difficulty. The seemingly simple drainage system had its particular difficulties. Thus, the lakes were indeed shielded from further influx, but impossible against the seeping even in the vast lowland groundwater. This was reflected bemerkbat particularly on Börmer lake, after all, a good two feet ( 65 cm ) was lower than the Meggersee. A pumping station alone would have been here way too little.
Another example is five mills, on the northwest corner of the former Meggersees. Today there is a machine- powered pumping station. But his name is due to formerly actually five wind-powered pumping stations, with the aid of the lake even repeatedly drained and the later Meggerkoog was dehydrated. The close network of deep and wide trenches in plots Meggerkoog can reasonably guess what great quantities of water are there still skim. And that was formerly been by no means cheap. The systems had yet to be served. So one of each pumping station and a Kate for the staff and a piece of arable land.
Further difficulties arose from the unpredictability of the water output, so to speak, from drought to downpour and melt together with groundwater. It was not yet able to estimate the amount of water approximately and to determine the extent of necessary facilities accordingly. This was also demonstrated by the example of the stone sluice in Eiderdeich.
The third phase of construction was the drainage of the lowland concern. The highly stressed as the main outfall Old concern had after the caesura no sufficient drainage more. A new drainage channel was built. This is still referred to as Large vents channel is an extension of the stack Ronne now but with reversed flow direction. It extends from the terminal loop of the old west to worry stone lock. Very quickly, however, it turned out that at the same time new stone lock could not cope with the amount of water from the Old concern. As a seemingly simpler solution offered to the located at the southeastern edge of the lowland Moordeich equip with two smaller drainage sluices, ie the Old concern to rejoin their former underflow. Then it turned out, however, that the jamb (floors ) were the two Moordeich locks not set deep enough and the outflow therefore still not enough. However, this recent problem could not be solved for the time being. Evil events overran the lowlands.
A) The built long before 1615 Eiderdeich in the section between Süderstapel and Bargen / clang had proved to be insufficient, he had to be reinforced. But for the economically overburdened residents were not able to. Under the massive storm surge of October 1634, the dike broke. The concern valley was flooded again.
B ) Wallenstein, commander of the Thirty Years' War and Imperial General of the Baltic and of the Ocean Sea, dreamed his dream just short of a channel through Schleswig -Holstein Rendsburg. In the mean while his troops unsettled the country. To cut them off, the riparian lowlands of concern even opened all the locks so that the lowland now completely sank - pointless. The imperial troops, and after them the Swedes are, nevertheless occurred in the countryside and it took a long time to get it recovered.
C ) The concern lowland has then for years been under water so high that even developed a separate, uncontrolled overflow to treene towards the northwest. The valley and its facilities were finally ruined so far that the Dutch gave up their high level of investment and their rights to the land.
The ownership or possession rights to the lands and facilities reverted to the state government and residents. Until the 18th century, has now tried with new start-ups, to dry up the valley and the lakes again overflowed fully again, but initially without significant success. It stayed true to the pre- recorded system of the Dutch, but always worked only occasionally and without context. Since materials were processed, which failed to meet the claim. And you gave up the essential se entertainment newly built facilities.
An almost typical example was the Moordeich locks with the Drempeln too high scale. The dike was repeatedly interrupted with and without locks on the site yet, and closed again. Eventually, however, was built on the west side of the valley as a by floodlights another relief channel, the new vents. That is until today a fork Direction and parallel to the large vents running ditch. It was given in the Eiderdeich initially own lock. The later had to but because of defects in the material to be closed again. Then the two trenches dewatered together on an enlarged, stone gate, which was then replaced much later by a pumping station.
So it was with the lakes that were drained from time to time, until the investments fell again and then a new owner struggled to re- draining. The maintenance of the drainage systems as a whole has often been neglected and long enough so that Verkrautungen, fractures and excessive use Reuse led to blockages and flooding over again. The elimination of such damages was regularly once occasion for very lengthy disputes over responsibilities and costs.
There were natural disasters: fractures of the Eider dikes as a result of storm surges. High Wasseransamlungen east of the diversion dike, because the drainage stopped working because of the high water level in the river Eider. Since the Sandschleuse did no more. To relieve the anxiety of the new diversion dike had to be repeatedly broken - and again, the valley was full.
Only after the change from the 17th to the 18th century, began to change the conditions in the lowland concern, not least with the Sorckekooges dike order from 1702, which was across the valley. With this order were, inter alia, the Deichbesticke, ordered the allocation of power and maintenance costs, the useful, due diligence and monitoring obligations to the dikes and drainage systems, failures threatened with fines. And suddenly everything worked, what could be seen up to that point as a shambles.
With drainage of the lakes polders were created in the lowlands. These and other free lands have been then divided in 1704. The colonization of the valley grew, the village communities were larger. This also increased the number of performers who had a particular interest in the conservation and preservation of recovered management areas.
Federal Waterways
The concern is from km 0.00 to km 5.92 to the sand sluice at the mouth of the Eider in a so-called other inland waterways of the Federal Government in the area of responsibility of the Water and Shipping Authority Tonning. The mouth of the Eider is their river kilometer 36.79.