Southern Quechua

Spoken in

• Quechua language family Wampuy ( Quechua II) Southern Quechua ( Quechua II c)

Qu

Southern Quechua ( Quechua Qhichwa simi, Spanish Quechua sureño ) refers to the closely related Quechua varieties of southern Peru, Bolivia and Argentina, as well as the resulting based on the varieties of southern Peru and Bolivia common written language.

Classification and distribution

The Southern Quechua, the c is denoted by Alfredo Torero as Quechua II, is one of the subgroups of the Quechua II or Wampuy. It includes the Quechua varieties of southern Peru (from Huancavelica southwards ), Bolivia and Argentina.

Structurally let the Chanka - Quechua in the Peruvian departments of Ayacucho, Huancavelica and Apurimac parts of which Qusqu - Qullaw - Quechua in the Peruvian territory departments of Cusco, Puno, Arequipa and a part of Apurimac and in Bolivia and Quechua Santiagueño distinguish the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero. An older language stage of the Southern Quechua represents the writing traditional Classical Quechua

The number of speakers who speak belonging to this branch of the Quechua varieties, is about 5 million, or about half of all Quechua speakers.

Language standardization

The crucial step to a common standard spelling goes back to the Peruvian linguist Rodolfo Palomino Cerrón who speaks even though the to a different dialect group ( Quechua I) belonging Wanka Quechua as their mother tongue. Cerrón was supported in this by his famous colleague Alfredo Torero. This standard is now accepted by many institutions in Peru and also serves as a basis for software translation from Microsoft into Quechua. It contains original structures of the spoken today southern oral Quechua varieties. Examples:

The same standard is now for the Quechua in Bolivia is used, also in intercultural bilingual education, with only one exception: instead of " h" is used -sound "j " also written in Spanish for the [h ]. In the area of ​​Chanka - Quechua ( Ayacucho and Huancavelica in Peru) is again so far - at least in literacy - without any representation of touch and plosives, as they occur only in Quechua Qusqu - Qullaw, and pa instead of the short form -p written for the genitive ending. However Cerróns proposal provides for a uniform orthography for the entire southern Quechua - speaking area, without wanting to already set a uniform pronunciation.

The following letters are used for the inherited Quechua vocabulary as well as borrowings from Aymara: A, CH, CHH, CH ', H, I, K, KH, k', l, ll, m, n, n, p, pH, p ', q, qh, q ', r, s, t, th, t ', u, w, y.

In place of the rest of the sh ( northern and central ) Variants will see is Instead of ĉ of Junín, Cajamarca and Lambayeque is ch.

The letters e and o, as generally used in the official Quechua spelling for all variants, not inherited Quechua words, since it is allophones of i and u are in the corresponding sounds, which, qh adjacent to q, q ' occur.

The following letters are (not from the Aymara ) is used only in loanwords from Spanish and other languages: b, d, e, f, g, o

Only in proper names or directly acquired Spanish expressions occur: c, v, x, z; j ( in Peru, in Bolivia it is in place of h).

The spelling of the Southern Quechua is that of the Incas used ( at least in the final stages of the Inca Empire ) and in the early colonial period as a lingua franca ( Lengua general) Quechua variety very close. However, it is no longer between " s" and " sh" distinction ("c " / " z" and "s" in the old case, the difference is in the other present-day Quechua varieties already exist), as is only " - ta " and no longer " kta " used in the accusative, there's this old features of Quechua in none of today's southern Quechua varieties more.