Spaarne
Course of Spaarne
Gravestenenbrug and the banks of the Spaarne in Haarlem, 2008
The Spaarne is a 10.24 km long, channeled flow in the Dutch province of North Holland. The flowing to the north only a small extent river forms a connection between the Ringvaart of Haarlemmermeer and the North Sea Canal. The water flows through the center of the city of Haarlem, which therefore bears the nickname Spaarne. The water level of the river, which plays an important role in the dehydration North and South Holland, is held by pumping stations along the entire length artificially to 0.6 m below mean sea level.
Etymology
The name probably comes from Spaarne " spier ", an obsolete word for reed or reed. In the Netherlands ( " het Spaarne " ), the grammatical gender of the river is mainly.
Geography
Course
The Spaarne begins as the outflow Ringvaart the Haarlemmermeer polder in the south of the city of Haarlem and the community Heemstede. After the Spaarne has passed through the city center of Haarlem, it opens via a pumping station and the Rijnlandschleuse at Spaarndam in a non eingepolderten part of the former sea inlet IJ. The outflow of this lake is via the side channel C in the North Sea Canal. The water level of the North Sea Canal is 0.4 m above sea level. NHN about 20 cm higher than that of the river Spaarne.
Chainage
Although the poor flow of Spaarne runs from south to north, the chainage of the water begins as part of the North Sea waterway channel Spaarne - Kaagerplassen at 3.80 km in the north and ends at km 14.04 in the south.
History
Originally Spaarne formed a natural connection between the Haarlemmermeer and the IJ, then a bay of the Zuiderzee. After several floods in 1248, which include the Allerkindleinsflut counts, the population built on the Spaarnemündung in the IJ a dike with sluices. The Spaarndammerdijk was the main drainage system of the first mentioned in 1255 Water Board Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland. In the following years, here the embankment village Spaarndam and other sluices and locks. The inhabitants of the dike village living from fisheries and the revenue from the customs ship.
1845 went to Spaarndam a modern steam pumping station in operation. 1939 was converted to diesel operation. The built- in renovated 1990 diesel engines with a thickness of 309 and 403 kilowatt propel five chain pumps with a diameter of 5.70 and a length of 24 meters. The pumping station that can be operated by just one person, carried a maximum of a water volume of 32 m³ / s At high tide, additional 5 m³ / s can be pumped out via an Archimedean screw.
After the 1852 completed reclamation of the Haarlemmermeer, once the largest lake in the Netherlands ( 17,000 acres ), the discharge rate and the depth of the Spaarne reduced significantly. Furthermore, after completion of the North Sea channel ( 1876) flowed from a large part of the water withdrawn through the polder the bandaged Ringvaart side channel F. After much pressure from the resident at the Spaarne industrial enterprises, the city of Haarlem finally prompted a dredging of the river bed in order to prevent an impending silting.
The connection between the Ringvaart the Haarlemmermeer polder and the North Sea Canal, the Spaarne has a high economic importance even today. The northern section to the center of Haarlem can be reached through the North Sea Canal from ships category Rhine. In addition, the freighters Spaarne is also used by many sports boats. In addition, the river, especially in the quieter, southern part, a popular mooring for boats.!
Tributaries and canals
The only natural tributary of the Spaarne is the songs, which runs a few kilometers east parallel to the Spaarne and also is an outflow of Ringvaart the Haarlemmermeer polder. The song opens north of Haarlem on the bulge known as Mooie Nel in the Spaarne. Other tributaries of the Spaarne are numerous drainage ditches and branch canals and the canals of Haarlem. Thus, the Spaarne is indirectly connected to the Haarlemmermeer Trek Vaart and Leidsevaart, but now play the economically no longer matters.
With the Spaarne associated canals and rivers, according to the chainage from north to south:
Bridges
The Spaarne is crossed by a total of ten movable bridges. Historic bridges are opened Catharijnebrug 1903, the Melkbrug from 1886 and was built in 1950 Gravestenenbrug. The Schoterbrug, with 260 meters, by far the longest Spaarnebrücke, is under construction and is expected to open in summer 2009.
- Schoterbrug: ( Bascule Bridge, under construction)
- Waarderbrug ( bascule bridge )
- Prinsenbrug, Rijksweg 200 ( bascule bridge )
- Spaarnespoorbrug, railway Haarlem -Amsterdam ( bascule bridge )
- Catharijnebrug ( swing bridge )
- Gravestenenbrug ( bascule bridge )
- Melkbrug ( swing bridge )
- Langebrug ( bascule bridge )
- Buitenrustbrug, Provinciale away 205 ( bascule bridge )
- Schouwbroekerbrug ( bascule bridge )