Specified load

The payload ( formerly traffic load; live load in English ) refers to a variable in the construction or moving the action to a component, for example as a result of people, furnishings, stored materials, machinery or vehicles.

The intensity of the payload has a stochastic character. This sudden change at any time and briefly extremely high values ​​may occur especially. In contrast to the permanent loads, the traffic loads in the static calculation only considered if they have an unfavorable effect on the leading evidence.

Buildings

The calculated values ​​of the uniformly distributed loads are determined according to the classification of land use by categories of use. Thus, long-term loads such as resting furniture and detects short-term loads such as stacked goods or exceptional persons concentrations, as well as normal engine loads.

Road bridges

The anticipated loads on road bridges are represented by load models. The most decisive load model 1 consists of double axle loads (TS- load) and evenly distributed surface loads ( UDL load) for the effects of heavy-duty vehicles and passenger cars. The modeling and calibration was carried out by statistical analysis of the traffic of selected roads and associated traffic load simulations.

By 2003, road and foot bridges were divided depending on load in bridge classes according to the previously valid DIN 1072. The highest bridge class was 60/30, that is, next uniformly distributed surface loads was on the main track, a heavy truck over 60 tons total load (SLW 60) and to rely on the adjacent lane of a 30 t total load.

Additional load models arising in Germany from the military load class for which the bridge is to be interpreted.

Pedestrian bridges

For pedestrian and cycle bridges in accordance with DIN Technical Report 101 as the payload of a surface load of 5 kN to set / m². This can be reduced with spans greater than 10 m, depending on the span. Considered as the lower limit for this spans greater than 210 m, a load of 2.5 kN / m².

Railway bridges

For the standard gauge railway in Germany on routes with normal traffic load model 71, 71 which is identical to the load model UIC, to be set. This corresponds to the meter loads the route class D4. In particular routes with heavy traffic load additional models are observed. Such load models shall be brought to the determination of the governing internal forces in the most unfavorable load position, which can be determined for example by means of influence lines.

• Civil Engineering
• Bridge building