Spiraeoideae

Forest Geißbart ( Aruncus dioicus )

The Spiraeoideae are a subfamily of the rose family ( Rosaceae ). After molecular genetic studies, the subfamily has been expanded and includes the formerly run as separate subfamilies pome fruit crops ( now subtribe Pyrinae ) and stone fruits ( genus Prunus ).

  • 2.1 Supertribus Kerriodae
  • 2.2 Supertribus Pyrodae

Features

The representatives are mainly shrubs and trees. The leaves are mostly simple and alternate and have stipules. The flower cup ( hypanthium ) is usually not adherent to the carpels. These are free and not fused.

Fruits

In the classical system, which is based on morphological rather than by molecular criteria, including the apple and stone fruit forming Rosaceae not in the subfamily Spiraeoideae. After this morphological point of view, the Spireaoideae are characterized by the follicle. The follicles arise from a five-fold flower with 3 or more stamen circles and one carpel circle. The carpels of these follicles are then fused only at the base of either free-standing ( apokarp ) or. On various occasions also the achene is mentioned as a possible type of fruit at the Spirea -like (see below ), but from a botanical point of view is not appropriate designation.

After the molecular point of view include the stone and pome fruit crops with the Spiraeoideae. To get to the Balgfrüchten add the collection capsule fruits ( Coccetum ), stone fruits and apple fruit. In addition, the flowers mentioned formula is invalid, which then no longer includes any associated species.

Cyanogenic glycosides are widely distributed, sorbitol is formed in significant quantities. The basic chromosome numbers be x = 8, 9, 15, or 17

Controversies

The naming of the types of fruit Spiraeoideae in the literature as a whole is uneven, which is also reflected in the description of the Spiraeoideae. Thus saith example KLEIN at the strawberry of " the base of the flower resting achenes " while other botanists as a necessary criterion for the achene " under a permanent ovary demand ", which is absent in the case of collective nut fruit of Fragaria. Confusing for laymen terms as may be " bellows-like nutlets " because not just open the nutlet of meadowsweet like a follicle to Samenverstreuung.

System

The scope of the Spiraeoideae was by Potter et al. (2007) significantly extended due to molecular genetic studies, which used to run as a separate subfamilies pome fruit plants and stone fruits were integrated into the Spiraeoideae.

The subfamily consists of seven tribes and two genera that are not assigned to any tribes.

  • Lyonothamnus

The Tribe Amygdaleae corresponds to the former subfamily stone fruits, and includes the species-rich genus Prunus.

The tribe has Neillieae intergrown carpels, the fruit is a Sammelbalgfrucht. The stipules are obsolete, cyanogenic glycosides seem to be missing. The basic chromosome number is x = 9

  • Physocarpus
  • Neillia (including Stephanandra )

The Sorbarieae own alternate between high and compound leaves, Adenostoma has to lively exchange constant, simple leaves. The carpels are fused, the fruit is an achene or a Sammelbalgfrucht. The basic chromosome number is x = 9

  • Adenostoma
  • Fiederspieren ( Sorbaria )
  • Chamaebatiaria
  • Spiraeanthus

The Spiraeeae are herbaceous plants or shrubs, sometimes forming rosettes. Stipules absent, the fruits are pomes or Sammelachänen. The basic chromosome number is x = 9

  • Geißbart ( Aruncus )
  • Kelseya
  • Luetkea
  • Petrophyton
  • Sibiraea
  • Spier shrubs ( Spiraea )
  • Xerospiraea
  • Holodiscus

Supertribus Kerriodae

The D. Potter Kerriodae, SH Oh, KR Robertson are molecular genetic defined as monophyletic taxon and include two tribes.

The stipules are missing or invalid, the fruit is a Coccetum, a drupe or stone fruit collection. The basic chromosome number x = 8

  • Exochorda
  • Oemleria
  • Prinsepia (including Plagiospermum )

The fruit is usually a Nuculanium (similar stone fruit, but with dry pericarp ), with Neviusia a collection achene. The basic chromosome number is x = 9 (if Coleogyne 8).

  • Coleogyne
  • Kerrien ( Kerria )
  • Neviusia
  • Rhodotypos

Supertribus Pyrodae

The Supertribus Pyrodae C. S. Campbell, R. C. Evans, D. R. Morgan & T.A. Dickinson comprises a genus and tribe. There are perennial herbaceous plants, shrubs or trees. In some genera the leaves are composed. The carpels are usually grown. The ovules are basal and are available in number two. The species are hosts of rust fungi Phragmidium and Gymnosporangium.

The Pyreae include a subtribe and three genera which are not assigned to subtribe. The base chromosome number is x = 17 ( at Vauquelinia 15).

  • Kageneckia
  • Vauquelinia
  • Lindleya
  • Subtribe Pyrinae ( pome fruit crops, formerly Maloideae )

Documents

  • D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi: 10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9
Rosids Rosales Digital Object Identifier
741877
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