St. Peter, Zürich
St. Peter in Zurich is one of the three old city churches which dominate the skyline of Zurich. It is close to a hill in the old town near the left bank Lindenhof, where the Roman settlement Turicum and the Imperial Palatinate were.
History
Today, in 1706, inaugurated baroque nave was the first church that was built in Zurich as Reformed Church, but by no means the first church on this site: archaeological evidence is a 10 x 7 m measuring church from the 8th or 9th century. A charter of 857 mentions the " curtis sancti Petri ", one belonging to the church yard.
This little church was replaced around 1000 by a pre-Romanesque church. Around 1230, followed by a late Romanesque building, are obtained from the choir and tower. In this choir in 1360 Rudolf Brun, the first mayor of Zurich was buried. A copy of the grave plate is at the northern outside. The nave was built in 1450 in Gothic style new.
The new nave, a baroque gallery hall, was completed in a remarkably short time: in June 1705 began with the demolition of the old church and the topping- out ceremony was held in the same year before Christmas, according to records of the parish with 153 pounds of beef and veal and 165 liters of wine.
The next year came the baroque interior construction with stucco work by Salomon Bürkli from Zurich and Franz Schmuzer (1676-1741) from Wessobrunn. On November 14, 1706 after a construction period of just 17 months, the dedication service was held, in which the deacon " in three hours in the sweat of his brow, and writing according to the directions union edification " preached.
The church was restored from 1970 to 1975, the facade painting was made in 1705 again.
The St. Peter's Church was the oldest and long the only parish church in the city of Zurich, the Gross Münster, Münster, the woman and the preachers were all three church until the Reformation to a monastery.
A special feature is that the tower and the nave have different owners. Until 1798 the tower belonged to the city-state of Zurich, 1803 Zurich entered the city the succession to. Was used, the tower primarily for fire police duties, and already in 1340 the first high- Guard ( fire watch ) was used, which existed until 1911. To this day, the tower is owned by the city; Nave, belfry and bell are the property of the parish of St. Peter, as well as the cultivation of the staircase leading to the tower entrance and screed.
Organ
The organ was built in 1974 by the organ builder Manufacture d' Orgues Muhleisen ( Strasbourg ). In 1997 a restoration by Wälti organ building. The instrument has 52 registers on three manuals and pedal.
- Couplers: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P III / P
Tower
The tower is older than the present church, and had already by 1500 the present appearance. In early Romanesque period and before the church was a tower -less construction. The first three-storey tower was built early 13th century; the first floor with a Romanesque ribbed vault is preserved in its original state. An increase and setting up a new spire was at 1450th The helmet was last re-roofed in 1996 with 42,000 shingles made of larch wood from the Engadine.
Clock Tower
The first clock with an hour hand was built in 1366. The dial of the one-hand watch was against the Limmat, ie to the town center towards aligned and pointed at the full hours. In the 15th century, the shift from the ecclesial prayer time to time was urban. Around 1460 the movement was changed from half - to quarter- hour strike. With the replacement of the striking clock 1538 four massive dials were painted on all four facades in the fourth storey of the tower. The tower clock was long the only public clock in the city. The Böögg is exactly then fired at Sechseläutenplatz when St. Peter sechs clock displays on this tradition.
The movement made in 1535 by Hans Luterer the 3rd floor rendered by rods and wheels, the driving force to the hour hand. 1593/94, this movement has been replaced, and in 1675 the percussion was rebuilt by F. Bachofen for pendulum clock, in order to increase the accuracy. To 1826 had a clock judges by means of a hoist that lifted the weights, daily wind the clock several times. With the renewal of the dial, a new movement with quarter- hour strike by the watchmaker Johann Rudolf naughty from Zurich was built in 1844. The electrification of the movement in 1873, the balance was in the house for males. In 1972, the balance was replaced by a fully automatic master clock in Uhrenstube of the church tower. In 1996 the electrified mechanical movement of 1844 by a central computer system that controls the four pointer pairs directly on the axles replaced.
The clock tower of St. Peter was originally Zurich's local time: All public city clocks had to conform to it. The clock tower has a diameter of 8.64 meters above the largest tower clock face in Europe.
Bells
In the bell -ringing, a five-part depends. It was cast in 1880 by Jakob Keller and heard in the tones as0 ( knell ), c1 ( call and Elfuhrglocke ) es1 ( Betzeitglocke ), as1 ( bell tower ), c2 ( baptism bell ). The full bells will ring at all church services and the ringing in of Sunday on Saturday night at 19:01 clock. Sunday is a day ausgeläutet at 19:01 clock with the largest bell. Weekdays ringing the Betzeitglocke to Betzeiten at 7:01 and 19:01 clock. Lunch at 11:01 clock and Vorläuten for Sunday worship at 8:55 and 9:25 clock sounds the call and Elfuhrglocke.
Reformation
During the Reformation, St. Peter's Church as the parish church of Zurich had a great importance. From 1522, Leo Jud, a close friend of Zwingli, for twenty years pastor of St. Peter and known for its excellent sermons. He preached freely and without notes, so that such are not recorded. The successor of Jud was Rudolf Gwalter, the son of Ulrich Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger 's successor as Antistes of Zurich, who remained in office 33 years.
Pastor
Johann Caspar Lavater (1741-1801), a well-known representative of the physiognomy and friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was from 1786 to 1801 pastor of St. Peter. His grave stone stands on the northern wall of the church.