Stagnosol

The Pseudogley is in German and Central European soil systematics of the main type from the class of backwater floors. Obsolete names are Staugley, Staunässegley, wet forest floor or gleyartiger ground. The soils of this type of soil are characterized by an alternation of strong seasonal waterlogging and relative dehydration. It differs from the gleys whose formation ( Vergleyung ) is caused by groundwater in the soil body.

Formation

Accumulation of water caused by the fact that a dramatically less water permeable horizon is present in the soil profile. This may be the case on an already caused by the sedimentation layer changes, but also lead to a so-called storage compaction, are shifted in the clay particles in the soil profile down ( Lessivierung ) and the cross section of the pores in the horizon then tonangereicherten out. The water displaces the soil air from the pores. The oxygen in the rainwater is relatively soon consumed by soil microorganisms and there are reducing conditions in which iron (III ) and manganese (IV, III ) with simultaneous oxidation of organic matter to Fe ( II) and Mn ( II ) can be reduced. In reduced form as Fe2 or Mn2 they are mobile in the soil solution. You reach by diffusion also inside the soil aggregates. Here is saturated with backwater horizons often soil gas included, so that iron and manganese are oxidized again. The concentration gradient is thus obtained. Over time, aggregate bleached outer regions form one side and rust colored to black iron and manganese ( hydr) oxide stains or concretions in the aggregate inside the other.

Use

Pseudogley are problematic locations and are mainly planted because of waterlogging and the resulting lack of oxygen in the spring forest with or used as pastures. The forests are often schlechtwüchsig because the roots of the trees to avoid the seasonal oxygen-poor horizons and corresponding roots just flat. If it has been the impounded water finally seeps during the year or taken up by plants, then they can no longer absorb enough water through their shallow root system. Prior to arable use are partly extensive drainage measures needed. Loss of income or penalty are still not excluded. Nevertheless, mainly caused by the storage compaction of Luvisols or pale soils Pseudogley are also useful arable sites.

Classification

In the German soil classification of jamming horizon is denoted by the symbol Sd horizon, the overlying horizon, where the impounded water is seasonal, with the symbol Sw. Soils that have a S- horizon above 40 cm are called Pseudogley, keep the backwater conditions in a very long time, it is called Stagnogleyen. In Haftpseudogleyen occurs backwaters on without a proper storage horizon, but only due to the grain size distribution and the conditional of their pore size size distribution. In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, the primary Pseudogley belong to the Plano sols secondary to the Stagnosolen.

Dissemination

Pseudogley are widely used in Central Europe. They are found both in the lowlands and in the uplands. In the moraine are typical soils of the moraines. One finds there preferred in the more abundant rainfall and coastal areas (eg, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania). Also they are often on the plateaus of the Middle Mountains, where clays, clay - and siltstones are pending or where the Tertiary led to clayey raw material of the Holocene soils of the tropical weathering.