Steeplechase (athletics)
The obstacle course (English steeplechase, steeple short ) is a slightly more athletic running race over 3000 meters, in which four hurdles and a hurdle to be overcome with moat to about seven and a half laps stages. Since the moat is placed in the interior of the track, the round shortened to 390 meters. This results in a distance of 78 meters between the obstacles. However, there are stages that are recognized by the IAAF in which the moat outside the target curve is. In youth and senior level also shorter distances of 1500 and 2000 meters are gone.
- 6.1 medalist of the Olympic Games (3000 -meter steeplechase ) 6.1.1 Men
- 6.1.2 Women
- 6.3.1 Men
- 6.3.2 Women
- 6.5.1 Men
- 6.5.2 Women
- 6.6.1 Men
- 6.6.2 Women
Obstacles
The obstacles are the same height as the 400 - meter hurdles: For men and male youth 91.4 centimeters ( 3 feet) and for women and female youth 76.2 centimeters ( 2.5 feet or 2 feet and 6 inches). In contrast to hurdling the obstacles standing on supports, which can not be upset by the runners. The width of at least 3.96 meters (13 feet) prescribed, often broader obstacles are used to facilitate the simultaneous skipping by several runners. The cross- bar of the obstacle has a cross section of 12.7 by 12.7 centimeters ( 5 by 5 inches). The barrier bar should be painted with black and white stripes and other high- contrast colors (also in contrast to the surroundings ), so that the lighter stripes are having a length of at least 22.5 centimeters at the outer sides. The first obstacle may be overcome only after the first overflow of the finish line, so after about half a stadium round. As the runners start on the back straight, so helpers have to wear two of the obstacles until after the start of the career.
The moat is located behind an obstacle in the interior of the career in the field of the curve before the finish line. The obstacle in the ditch must be anchored securely to the ground and long, so that a horizontal movement is impossible 3.66 meters (12 feet). Therefore, the runners do not run this curve on the normal track, but on a flag marked with abbreviation. In rare cases, the moat is located in a separate section outside this curve. The moat including the obstacle has a width and a length of 3.66 meters, respectively (12 feet). The length is measured from the first obstacle edge, the actual length of the ditch must be at least 2.50 meters. At the beginning of the water surface it is 70 inches deep. After 30 centimeters, it runs flat out to the track height. The floor is covered with plastic or mats. After approval of the obstacle run for women's competitions, the International Athletics Federation IAAF had initially prescribed a shorter and shallower compared to men competitions moat. The rule in 2003 was again withdrawn to reduce the cost and organizational effort.
The details are set out in Rule 169 of the technical regulations of the IAAF (see links).
History
The obstacle course to have originated around 1850 from a bet of Oxford student who nachempfanden the horse racing over obstacles and where the runners were given balance weights as the jockeys.
1879 Steeplechase was part of the English Athletics Championships, in the program of the Olympic Games, he came in 1900 - first with running tracks of 2500 and 4000 meters. In 1904 only ran the 2500 meters, 1908, derived from the 2 -mile stretch 3200 meters.
The distance covered to the present length of 3000 meters was introduced at the Olympic Games in 1928, though still without a detailed definition for the condition and distance of the obstacles - this has only existed since 1953.
The IAAF made to the steeplechase in 1998 for women, for the first time at an international high point he stood in the World Athletics Championships 2005 program.
Milestones
- First officially recognized by the IAAF World Record: 8:49,6 min, Hungary Sandor Rozsnyoi 1949, August 28, 1954 Bern
- First under 10 minutes: 9:49,8 min, Sweden Josef Ternström, 1914
- First under 9 minutes: 8:59,6 min, Sweden Erik Elmsäter, 1944
- First under 8:30 minutes: 8:29,6 min, Belgium Gaston Roelants, 1963
- First under 8:20 minutes: 8:19,8 min, Kenya Ben Jipcho, 1973
- First under 8:10 minutes: 8:09,70 min, Sweden Anders Gärderud, 1975
- First under 8 minutes: 7:59,18 min, Kenya Kiptanui, 1995
Women
- First officially recognized by the IAAF World Record: 9:48,88 min, Russia Jelena Motalowa, August 1, 1999, Tula
Successful athletes
- Kenya Kiptanui, three World Championship titles: 1991, 1993 and 1995 and Olympic silver medalist and 1996 World Championship runner-up in 1997
Most successful German:
- Deutsches Reich Nazi Alfred Dompert: Olympia Third 1936
- Germany Democratic Republic in 1949 Frank Baumgartl: Third Olympic 1976
- Germany Patriz BR Ilg: World Champion 1983
- Germany Democratic Republic in 1949 Hagen Melzer: World Championship runner-up in 1987
Technology and Training
Steeplechaser skip with the exception of the moat the obstacles using the same technique as in the 400 - meter hurdles, ie without contact, as this saves the most power.
To the 400 - meter hurdles, there are two differences:
- Since the distances are greater between the hurdles at 78 meters than in the 400 - meter hurdles (35 meters), can be comply with any fixed-step rhythm.
- Since it is not run in lanes, the runner must take into account the position of the other competitors. In particular, the hurdler must master the overcoming of obstacles and the moat on both sides in order to adapt to changes in the rhythm of competition can.
Technology at the moat
At the moat of runners jumping with the foot on the obstacle and pushing off to the widest possible jump. For a liquid emergence of the hurdler needs to increase his pace on the last ten steps and jump about 1.50 untill 1,80 meters before the obstacle, depending on the leg length. For an optimal take-off run is not braked.
Similar to the hurdles of the upper body is bent sharply just before the placement of the swing leg forward, to lower the center of gravity. Also in favor of a low center of mass, the knee in overcoming the obstacle is bent at approximately right angles. The anklebone not is based on the beams, but swinging at swinging leg over forward. For a safe take-off, a special technique is necessary, in which the front spikes thorns grasp around the edge of the beam.
A favorable Aufsprungpunkt is about 30 inches in front of the grave end. The runner must reach a jump distance of about 3.20 meters for it. To avoid a fast- consuming bending the knee at bounce, the front leg should be almost straight. In the best case is returned to the next step normal movement speed.
Common Mistakes by the moat
- Popping up instead of running onto the bar is a sign of running too close approach
- For a short jump ( into deep water ) by the moat too slowly popping up and a technically defective bounce
- The runner jumps too high above the moat and goes when catching in the knee
- Hop up in the ditch with both legs by ill-prepared landing
- Inadequate spatial adaptability leads to disturbances in the running rhythm before and after the moat (which is true of the obstacles alike ).