Steiger (mining)
The Steiger is a supervisor in the mining industry. He is responsible for a part of the mine and his subordinates. The name is derived from the previous occupation of the riser, the constant climbing and driving into the pits. The Steiger ( comes luck, luck, the Steiger ) in a very popular song Bergmann, the Steiger song sung.
- 2.1 hierarchy
- 2.2 Requirements Requirements and Training
- 2.3 specializations
- 2.4 Tasks and working
- 2.5 Payment
Situation earlier
Already in the ordinances of the mountain sized mining, the mining company were obliged to employ mine officials for the supervision of their mines. These officials were up to the mid-19th century state officials. The term climber for the mine officials had also fixed very soon in the mountain systems. The hiring and firing of the mine officials was incumbent on the Board of Mines, the mine owners had at best a say and could at Bergmeister attach their wishes in this respect. With the reform of the mining law in the years 1851 to 1865 there was a change in the official status of the Steiger. Steiger were no longer civil servants but private officials. Despite this reorganization, the risers were still used by the mining authority.
Hierarchy
The lowest level of the hierarchy formed the lower riser. This worked for only a small portion as supervision. About the designated as a simple pit Steiger Steiger stood in the hierarchy level of the driving Steiger, which were subject to several Steiger. The Supreme in the hierarchy was the top riser, he was the first overseer and Officiant at the mine. He oversaw all workers and mining officials at the mine. In some mines, there was a pit Obersteiger and one days Obersteiger. The pit Obersteiger had the works and equipment in the pit among themselves, had the day Obersteiger the surface installations, in particular the treatment, however. The Obersteiger formed together with the shift manager the mine administration.
Demand conditions and training
The Steiger had to meet certain for the exercise of its activities professional requirements. There was a lot of woodwork in mining, was a prerequisite to the Steiger that he had knowledge of woodworking. This was necessary to enable it to control all types of Grubenzimmerung in his recorded tracks and was able to set if necessary repaired. He also had knowledge of the orography, have the ore and rock customer and the customer treatment. To meet these requirements, a long-standing practical mining training was first necessary that began with the mountain as a servant of the lowest level. Following this, the visit was a successful mountain school prerequisite for further progress. Admitted to the mountain school were only miners who were employed at a mine and which had already exceeded the low work levels. To the place of a Bergofficianten, the Obersteiger to hold such, the successful completion of the academy was required.
In addition to professional competence and various other demands were made on the function of a climber. He had to behave towards his superiors and the mining board with due respect. He had to lead a Christian, sober and proper way of life and thus his subordinates to be a good role model. Compared to his colleagues Steiger, he had to be polite collegial. He had to behave politely towards the landowners. He had to make the guilty obedience to him compared to higher authorities. He also had to wear a proper mining costume. Furthermore allowed the Steiger neither the brother nor the cousin of layer master of mine, on which he was engaged.
Specializations
Due to the variety of different work, it was necessary, especially with the larger mines that the risers according to their specialized knowledge. According to supervise the Steigerwald miners example, there was room Steiger, Steiger art, wall Steiger Steiger and vagina. Also for the Steiger who supervised other activities, there were special names. So it was for the Hängebank the pit bank Steiger, this reel oversaw the puller and the miners who had fallen wegladen the mineral mountains. For the night shift there was often a Steiger, who had the night to oversee the entire incidental work, he was called Nachschichtsteiger. For the supervision of the vagina boys there was the boy Steiger, also called vaginal Steiger. This had the vagina boys continue to decent work and vagina these if they had made serious mistakes, even severely punished.
Tasks and working
The Steiger had to oversee the imputed miners. He had to instruct the miners in their work and ensure that sufficient material was available for the operation. The day started for the Steiger before the beginning of the actual work. Early in the morning he had to attend the morning prayer of the miners in the house of prayer and carry out the presence control. He had to make sure that the miners wore the prescribed mining costume. He then went into the pit to sail the jobs. Particular events he had to report after the shift to the operating conductors. The working time was generally twelve hours and usually ended only by 16 clock in the afternoon. On weekends he needed to stay on the mine than twelve hours, but he had to check that all the miners had left the pit. He also had to settle on the weekends working the miners so that they could go to church on Sunday. The working hours of miners was eight hours on the weekends. Was Steiger compelling reasons not provided a layer or he had to end the shift prematurely for some reason, he had to obtain prior to his superior 's permission.
In addition to its supervisory activities of the Steiger had to also make written work, these were, for example, passing the log book and the layers book. In addition, the preparation of monthly operating reports, the making of criminal records and the sleeve note. Changed to the tasks and working to the middle of the 20th century hardly anything. Even in 1957, the daily working time of a climber was often to eleven hours. The day started at 5.30 clock with the morning meeting and ended with the afternoon meeting with the Obersteiger and operation leader by 16 clock in between were about 7.5 hours working underground.
Payment
Although Steiger officials were, the mine owners were responsible for their remuneration. Since the wages of Steiger was determined by the trades, he was different depending on the mining area. Thus, the Steiger received, for example, in the Hettongrube a week's wages by six thalers and nine pence. Thus, the wage of the riser was as high as that of a carpenter. For the sale of lights and lamp oil they still received a small commission. This week, her salary increased to twelve dollars, seven silver dimes and six pennies on. During the shelf mining Steiger, however, enjoyed the same privileges as the other miners. In the mountainous districts of the county of Mark and the Duchy of Cleve, it was forbidden to climbers to take workers and Hauer in food in order to supplement their wages. So in the mining order was the note: " Shift foreman, Steiger and workers should be content with their wages set itself ... " In the mountain districts of Saxony, it was regulated by the state, that the wages of Steiger at all mines had to be uniformly high. This meant that the mine owners divided the wages of Steiger and miners in certain wage levels. The payment was made by hired house or by hard labor.
Current situation
In the first half of the 20th century, there was a further change of status in the risers. Steiger were due to a change in the law is now no more officers, but they were employees. From now on, the mine owners could hire and dismiss Steiger. The changes had to be notified to the Mining Office. With the entry into force of that Act, a lot has changed for the Steiger. The Federal Mining Act no longer increasing, but by responsible persons is spoken. Responsible persons for the purposes of the Act are all ordered for the management and supervision of the company people. Persons who are employed as responsible persons must be reported by the contractor in the Mining Office in writing ( ordered). If they are dismissed again, this dismissal also be reported to the Mining Authority in writing.
Hierarchy
The lowest level of the hierarchy forms in today's mining of the layer Steiger. He performs a shift of operation in a district. Between three and eight layer Steiger subject to a foreman. The foreman is the next higher level in the hierarchy. About the area are increasing the driving Steiger in the hierarchy level. A driving Steiger is the leader of a traveling department, which includes one to three areas. Thus, they are the driving Steiger between one and three foreman and three to twenty-four layer Steiger. About the Driving Boost is the Obersteiger, he is the deputy leader of the operation and report directly to him. The Obersteiger under stand between one to three driving Steiger, as well as the respective driving Increase imputed foreman and shift Steiger. Thus, up to nine foreman and up to 72 layer Steiger can a Obersteiger, in addition to the driving increasing, depending on the size of the mine be assumed. On a mine can be active depending on the size, five or even more Obersteiger.
Demand conditions and training
The requirement requirements are regulated by the Federal Mining Act in § 59. So Responsible persons must have the requisite knowledge. They must also be physically suitable for their tasks and the reliability necessary. In order to demonstrate the necessary technical qualifications as a prerequisite for the activity of Steiger, the successful visit to a mountain school ( technical school ), a mountain school ( vocational school ) or to study at a technical college as well as the appointment as guardian by a mining authority is required.
Specializations
A distinction ( mine Steiger ) as degradation Steiger, Steiger funding, weather Steiger, Steiger surveying and electrical climbers, climbers and machine safety Increase between mining climbers.
Pit Steiger are responsible for ensuring that the mining work can be carried out professionally and without interference in their area of responsibility of mining operations at the mine. Weather Steiger Steiger are responsible for mine ventilation. For weather Steiger only persons are appointed who have completed a training at a technical school or a mountain even further mining training facility with success. They have received special training to weather Steiger. Electric Steiger are responsible to the mine for the electrical facilities for their operational readiness and safety above or below ground. Check that performed maintenance and repair work has been carried out correctly. Steiger machines are on the mine responsible for the various machinery and equipment. Steiger machines are responsible for the function of the machine and cause really needed, so as to avoid accidents that shut down.
Tasks and working
The tasks of the Steiger changed dramatically with the entry into force of the General Mining Regulation. According to this regulation, it is no longer the main task of the risers to watch over operational things, but to ensure the safety at work of their subordinates. Since the entrepreneur can transfer the duties of the responsible persons, that are primarily the Steiger as responsible persons in the duty to ensure the protection of workers against risks. Each riser has its assigned operating areas and workplaces, to which are engaged in shift workers from him twice and navigate in hazardous work once per day. The second Befahrung is also a telephone conversation with the employees located on the local PC. Due to the Working Time Act, the daily working hours were also reduced for the Steiger. So just eight hours and, in exceptional cases, a maximum of 10 hours may also be employed Steiger daily. In some mining areas is due to the high underground temperatures, the mountain climate regulation to touch. The applicable here reductions in employment periods also apply Steiger, so Steiger, who are active in climate areas, have a working time of seven to eight hours.
Payment
In today's mining industry, the payment of the Steiger is governed by the collective agreements of the respective mining industry.