Stephen M. Schwebel

Stephen Myron Schwebel ( born March 10, 1929 in New York City ) is an American lawyer. He was from 1981 to 2000 Judge at the International Court of Justice from 1997 to 2000, President of the Court. From 1994 to 2009 he served as President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund. In addition, he acts as Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and as an independent mediator in international disputes.

Life

Stephen Schwebel was born in 1929 in New York City in 1950 and earned a BA degree from Harvard University. After further studies at Cambridge University, he graduated in 1954 with a Master of Laws degree from Yale University. He then spent five years in the New York law firm White & Case as a lawyer, before he became in 1959 assistant professor at Harvard University. Two years later he moved to the U.S. State Department as an Assistant Legal Adviser ( legal counsel ) for United Nations Affairs.

In 1967 he was Edward Burling Professor of International Law at Johns Hopkins University. From 1973 he was also an advisor to the U.S. State Department in the area of international law, a year later he was Deputy Legal Adviser of the Ministry. From 1977 to 1980 he was a member of the International Law Commission of the United Nations. Both his professorship and his position in the State Department he held until 1981. In the same year he became a judge at the International Court of Justice Baxter ( ICJ) in The Hague as the successor of his compatriot Richard Reeve. He was reelected twice and remained in that office until February 2000 at the court ( see General Assembly resolution 1278 of the UN Security Council). In 1994 he was present Vice President, and from 1997 until the end of his term President of the Court in a phase which was one of the busiest in the history of the ICJ.

Since his retirement from the International Court of Justice Stephen Schwebel is an independent broker and legal counsel in Washington. He is particularly specialized in disputes between States and foreign investors and has acted in over 40 business law mediation cases. He is also a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. From 1994 to 2009 he served as President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund, since 2007 it belongs to the Administrative Tribunal of the World Bank. The American law journal "The American Lawyer " chose him worldwide in 2005 to second place among the ten most reputable brokers.

Awards

Stephen Schwebel 1992 received the Presidential Medal of Johns Hopkins University, 1997, the Medal of Merit of the Faculty of Law, Yale University, and the 1998 Wolfgang Friedmann Memorial Award of the Faculty of Law at Columbia University. From the American Society of International Law, whose honorary president he was from 1996 to 2001, he was awarded in 2000, the Manley O. Hudson Medal for Merit in the field of international law. In addition, he holds an honorary doctorate of Bhopal University, India ( 1983), Hofstra University, New York (1997) and Miami University ( 2002). From Trinity College and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at Cambridge University, he was appointed an Honorary Fellow.

Works (selection)

  • International Arbitration: Three Salient problem. Grotius Publications, Cambridge 1987
  • Justice in International Law. Selected Writings of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1994, 2004 and 2008
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