Stereotype (printing)
As a stereotype (from Greek στερεός, stereos for strong, hard, durable, space and τύπος, typos for -like ) refers to the procedure set by from movable type printing pages by casting a die and their cast in a metal alloy, a complete letterpress plate to to create.
Benefits
The stereotype has great advantages. It enabled any time the pressure of new editions of the plates produced by them. The Papierstereotypieverfahren even offers the possibility of cheaper storage matrices, so-called Matern, from which plates can be cast if necessary. This method thus reduces the cost of work preparation for printing.
History and Development
One of the great mysteries to the invention of the printing press revolves around the question of whether the stereotype was already used in the printing of the so-called Catholicon in 1460. In addition to the first products on the stereotype of the reproductions of woodcuts in 1483 to Ulm by Konrad Dinkmut printed book: The soul Wurzgarten be considered. J. van der Mey and Johann Müller to Leiden (1700-1716), William Ged in Edinburgh ( 1725-49 ), Valeyre in Paris (1735 ), Alexander Tilloch and Foulis to Glasgow ( 1775 ) and FJ Joseph Hoffmann Schlettstadt in Alsace (1783 ) have been consecutively referred to as the inventor of the stereotype. For continuous distribution, the procedure was first brought by Earl Stanhope in London in 1800, and at the same time by Pierre and Firmin Didot and Herhan in Paris.
To their great importance that stereotypy passed through the invention of Genoux 1829, which formed the Mater of layers of tissue paper coated with an intermediate mixture of glue and chalk.
At the Stanhope 's or gypsum process the sentence form is closed tightly in an iron frame ( clamped ) and lightly oiled, after which the plaster is cast as a thin liquid porridge over the type set and duly incorporated with brush or brush. The gypsum Mater frozen in 15-20 minutes, then lifted and placed in a drying oven.
The casting is done in iron, sealable pans. At the bottom of the pan a wacky iron plate is first placed thereon the heated plaster mold with the face down and now also wacky pan lid, which is truncated at all four corners, so that the metal may run into it.
The whole is closed by a bow and sunk by a crane into the provided with liquid metal melting pot; after completion of casting the pan is wound and placed on a stuffed with wet gravel cooling barrel. After complete solidification of the metal, the stereotype plate is directed abgeebnet on the back and bumped at the edges.
In the 1830s, invented by Daule in Paris bottles cast the plaster Mater remains in the inward is provided with a push frame that is sufficiently large to allow room for a reprint imaging sprue. After drying, this brings the Gießflasche Mater frame consisting of two abgeebneten iron plates one of which is facing the image surface covered with paper, to quench the metal less during the pouring. Both plates are connected at the bottom by a hinge and held together during casting by a screw clamp.
In the Papierstereotypieverfahren the Mater from silk and writing paper is made; between the individual sheets are thin, evenly smeared layers of slurry consisting of boiled, with chalk or magnesia, probably with asbestos or China Clay, staggered wheat starch. Mater the paper is on the lightly oiled with a delicate brush or by a related with flannel roller shape and then placed either tapped into place with a brush evenly in the brief, were referred to this process as the Mater beat. Alternatively, the mold is pushed with the Mater under a fixed roller, crazy covered with felts and under the same; then you push the same with the Papiermatrize thereon in a heated dry press and covered it abundantly with felt and tissue paper for the absorption of moisture; after six to eight minutes, the Mater dry and can be removed.
After circumcised in larger, the pressure remaining places white by back bonding piece of cardboard or by filling with one of mulled in a thin gum arabic whiting generated, amplified slightly dried mass and been glued a Eingussstreifen, it comes with the face up into the Gießinstrument which is very similar to the conventional during Dauléschen procedures; an adjustable iron framework, called pouring angle, it keeps smooth and gives the measure from their thickness, and the casting can be done.
The performance of the gate, the Planing of facets on the edges of the plates is done in newspaper printing with specially made-up machinery, making a large operating acceleration is enabled, so that, for example, in the London Times in the morning edition of the last pressure plate within eight minutes, counted from receipt of the form set by the Stereotypeurs from, can be completed. For the small business of book publishing has made the stereotype used by construction smaller, kompendiöser stereotype facilities; they allow the production of plates up to a given size in a short exercise at low investment costs.