Streptomycin

• A streptomycin
• 5 - ( 2,4- Diguanidino - 3,5,6- trihydroxy - cyclohexoxy ) - 4 - [4,5- dihydroxy-6 - (hydroxymethyl ) - 3 -methylamino -tetrahydropyran -2-yl ] oxy -3-hydroxy -2-methyl -tetrahydrofuran -3-carbaldehyde (IUPAC)

• 57-92-1
• 3810-74-0 ( sulfate)

• A07AA04
• J01GA01

Antibiotic

Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis

Sulfate

Attention

9000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is formed by many streptomycetes.

History

Streptomycin was first isolated on October 19, 1943 by Albert Schatz, Elizabeth Selman Waksman and bugie at Rutgers University from Streptomyces griseus. For the discovery Waksman was awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Streptomycin gained great importance as the first antibiotic against tuberculosis.

Effect

Streptomycin is a broad activity spectrum, especially gram- negative pathogens are damaged. By inhibiting the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic 70S ribosome, the aminoacyl- tRNA can not bind to the acceptor site. Accordingly, the entire translation and result in a proliferation of bacteria is suppressed.

Resistance based on altered ribosome binding sites. Then streptomycin can be even used as a carbon source and thus promotes growth and proliferation of resistant bacteria.

Because of its narrow therapeutic range at the same time rapid development of resistance streptomycin is only displayed for a few special tuberculosis and infections ( streptococcal and enterococcal endocarditis, plague, brucellosis and tularemia ) and only as combination therapy. It is used (as sulfate salt ) in the form of parenteral formulations, dry powder.

Unwanted Effect

Prolonged ingestion damage to the ear and the kidney may arise ( ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity ).

Synthesis

In the biosynthesis of a number of enzymes are involved in connection, which first modified from the monosaccharides glucose individually to first a link to the disaccharide and then the trisaccharide is formed. The precursor obtained is transferred after the discharge by means of dephosphorylation of extracellular phosphatase to the active form.

Due to the complexity of the chemical structure economically only the biotechnological production comes into question. This is done with Streptomyces griseus strains, a yield of more than 10 grams per liter which is expected ( with a maturity of fermenter of 120 hours and corresponding optimizations ).

Trade names

Streptococcus Fatol (D), as well as a generic (D)