String Quartet No. 1 (Beethoven)
The String Quartet No. 1 in F major, Op 18.1 is a string quartet by Ludwig van Beethoven.
- 5.1 documents
- 5.2 Further Reading
Formation
When Beethoven first attempted in the genre of the string quartet, this was on the flowering. In the 1760s, Joseph Haydn, who was also a teacher of Beethoven, had established the genus; he and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart sat with their contributions to the genre recognized standards. Jean -Marie Leclair and Giovanni Battista Viotti contributed with their violin schools substantial contributions to the instrument violin; other musicians wanted to emulate them for the cello and the viola. For all of the genre of the string quartet in terms of sound warmth, expressiveness and flexibility was within the music most fertile for stringed instruments.
Beethoven's String Quartet Op 18.1 was formed in 1799 as one of six string quartets that were grouped under the opus number 18 with a dedication to Prince Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz. At the same time Lobkowitz commissioned Joseph Haydn to compose several quartets. This was only the two quartets op complete 77 However, due to age; some years later, still unfinished Haydn, Op 103 Lobkowitz That could have planned to pit Haydn and Beethoven in the style of the then usual musical competitions against each other, is possible but not proven.
While the composition of quartets Beethoven learned the noble Josephine Brunsvik that as a possible addressee of his letter written in 1812 to the "Immortal Beloved", and know her sister Therese Brunsvik and gave them piano lessons. Despite the extensive work on the quartets he spent much time with Josephine and Therese. From his emotions out that he developed for Josephine, he dedicated to her on a Johann Wolfgang von Goethe I think of you based song with six variations. References to this song composition can be found at the Beethoven biographer Ernst Pichler 's view is that the quartets op 18
Contrary to his numbering was Beethoven op.18, 1 second, the six quartets Opus 18 composed; the numbering in the opus number corresponds to the order in which the quartets were printed. Although the emergence order of the quartets op 18 is not clearly backed up because the autographs are lost, it is conceivable, however based on the sketchbooks. The fact that the F major quartet was published as No. 1, goes back to Ignaz Schuppanzigh, who headed the Beethoven related Schuppanzigh Quartet and Beethoven was often called "Falstaff": This kept the F major Quartet for the best within the series op.18; in this way Beethoven should be able to be measured with Haydn. Beethoven 's pupil Carl Czerny described this as follows: " Of the 6 first violin quartets was that in D Major ( down No. 3), the first that Beethoven ever wrote. But on the advice of Schuppanzigh he had the in F major ( although written later) appear as # 1, probably because the D major indeterminate begins with the seventh, which was still unheard of. "
From the F major Quartet, both the original version and the final version are narrated as Beethoven the original version of his friend Carl Amenda his "friendship" dedicated " as a memorial ". The influence of music educators Emanuel Aloys Förster prompted Beethoven after completion of the six quartets for the revision of the F major Quartet, as well as the G major quartet, and he wrote Amenda: "Your quartet Give yes no further because I have made some drastic changes; by I only now know how to write quartets quite what you 'll see if you'll get them. " the original version of the F major Quartet was only rediscovered in 1922.
Set names
About the Music
First Set
The first movement, whose start to the theme music first by Joachim Kaiser broadcast Emperor 's Corner and then its incurred in May 2009 Video column Emperor's Classic client was on the SZ magazine website, begins with a carefree forward-moving subject in unison, that of of 1 violin is continued. The second, characterized by syncopated theme plays no role in the implementation. Compared with the original version of the first sentence falls in the final version of firmer.
Second sentence
The second movement is a melancholy Adagio. Beethoven expressed to Carl Amenda that it had inspired the tomb scene from William Shakespeare's " Romeo and Juliet " at this Adagio, after it stated that it would remind him of the parting of two lovers. In the sketches can be found in French saying words such as " il prend le tombeau " ( " he comes to the grave ") and " les derniers soupirs " ("the last breath "). The main theme of the Adagio is based on the Josephine Brunsvik song dedicated to the opinion of the Beethoven biographer Ernst Pichler I think of you
Almost the entire set is dominated by this melancholy mood; shortly before the end of this melancholy is interrupted by a dramatic gasp before the sentence ends in a pianissimo.
Beethoven asked for this set a metronome tempo of 138 quaver per minute. This information is due to the first generation of the constructed by Johann Nepomuk Mälzel metronome property to specify at least 50 beats per minute, so that Beethoven could not specify the desired of him 46 dotted quarter. One reason to pay attention to Beethoven's tempo setting of 138 eighth notes per minute, due to the fact that the set of twelve general pause is interrupted and therefore at a different pace in touch with the 3/4-Metrum the sentence loses. In this sense, Friedrich Kerst writes: " From his pace since Beethoven wanted in no case may a hair's breadth drain because he has identified the right measure in motion with the inherent characteristics of the sentence or to its components most carefully ."
Third set
The third movement is initiated from an initial chromatic upwardly mobile, zehntaktigen theme, whose elements are transformed and combined in the course of the movement in different ways. The trio begins with unison octave leaps that are answered from up and down rising eighth - scales of the first violin.
Fourth proposition
The theme of the fourth movement consists of downward falling semiquaver triplets. Beethoven sonata and rondo mixes in this set, in which eighth repetitions with sixteenths and triplet figurations alternate. The finish is designed with its 381 bars as a counterweight to the head set; the latter would be as long as the final without the repeat of the exposition.
By his cheerfulness the finals also forms a contrast to the first movement; so that Beethoven wanted his contemporaries, who were not used to the requirements of the first movement come to meet.
Effect
The quartet - by Ulrich Konrad called " portal to the world of Beethoven's Quartet " - was published in October 1801. Until then, private performances had taken place for the client Prince Lobkowitz, who encouraged high probability Beethoven to revisions of the quartets. Following the publication of Beethoven wrote on April 8, 1802 to his publisher Franz Anton Hoffmeister: "Hr. Mollo has again recently my quartets say, full of errors and Errata - in large and small manner she edited swarm like the little fish in the water that is in infinite - questo è un piacere per un autore - I hot, prick ', in fact my skin is completely covered in bites and cranny - from this beautiful edition of my quartets ". A new edition of the quartets in 1808 also proved to be erroneous; probably made this no longer under control of Beethoven because Beethoven had no contact with Mollo more. Therefore considered important for research that produced for Prince Lobkowitz copy that contains the final versions of the quartets. The majority of the fixes included in it probably comes from Beethoven himself
The only public review of the quartets wrote the " General musical newspaper" on August 26, 1801:
" Among the new works appearing here are distinguished by excellent work from Beethoven ( in Mollo ). Three quartets enter a valid proof of his art: but they need to be played often and well, as they are very difficult to execute and are not populair "
The first edition score was until 1829, two years after Beethoven's death, printed. The first robbery pressure was established in 1802, one year after the first edition, by Simrock in Bonn.