Suaeda maritima
Beach - Sode ( Suaeda maritima )
The beach - Sode ( Suaeda maritima ) is a species of the subfamily Suaedoideae in the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). It is also called sea - beach quotes, lard reporting or Turf.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The beach - Turf grows as an annual herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height of 10 to 100 cm. The prostrate or ascending, sometimes upright stems are branched from the foundation. Stems and leaves are hairless, blue-green and often crowded reddish. The upwardly curved or protruding, fleshy leaves are cross-sectional semi- terete, on top of flat or slightly domed at the edges. The simple leaf blade is at a length of 10 to 50 mm and a width of 0.8 to 2 mm linear with blunt or slightly tapered at the top.
Inflorescences and flowers
One to five ( rarely more) blooms sit on the main and side branches entangled in the axil of the bracts. The lower bracts similar to the foliage leaves, up they will gradually become smaller and are then only about 3 to 12 mm long. At the base of the bracts are slightly broadened and its tip is slightly curved outward. The bracts are reduced to small membranous scales.
The heyday of the beach - Sode is from July to September. The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 2 to 4 mm. The perianth consists of five somewhat unequal tepals with a rounded back and blunt, often hood shaped tip. There are five stamens present. The two (rarely three to five) scars are about 0.5 mm very short and bald.
Fruit and seeds
At the time the fruit perianth remains unchanged ( occasional wing-like appendages in front ). The fruit is hemispherical or slightly depressed and without cutaneous rim. The horizontal lenticular seed having a diameter of 1 to 2.2 mm. The dark brown or black seed coat has a mesh pattern.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 36 or 2n = 18
Pollination
Its flowers are homogam to weakly vormännlich, self-pollination is possible. But usually done well pollination by wind.
Occurrence and risk
The beach - Sode is on the coasts of Europe, the temperate regions of Asia, northern Africa and North America spread ( Circumpolare distribution ). It has also been introduced in areas of the southern hemisphere, for example, to New Zealand.
In Germany you will find the beach - Sode in ruderal influenced halophytes corridors to the North Sea and Baltic Sea, occasionally, the salt meadows of the inland. As real salt plant ( Halophyt ) they settled vollbesonnte locations on moist, nitrogen-and base-rich soils with high salt content, which are occasionally flooded. The beach - Sode comes to plant communities Thero - Salicornietalia, Suaedetum macrocarpae before and Suaedetum flexilis.
In Germany, the beach - Sode applies nationwide as safely. Their main deposits are located on the shores of Schleswig -Holstein, Lower Saxony and Bremen. In Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, it is classified as endangered ( Red List of Threatened Species 3). On the inland salt in Saxony- Anhalt and Thuringia, it is considered endangered ( Red List 2).
Use
Previously was recovered from the beach - Sode by drying and burning of potash and soda, which was used for washing clothes and for the manufacture of glass. Therefore, the German name beach - Sode and lard reporting date.
The young leaves of the beach - Turf can be used raw or cooked as a savory seasoning salad or vegetable ingredient. Young shoots can be eaten pickled as a relish. The seeds are edible raw or cooked.
Taxonomy
The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, under the name Chenopodium maritimum L. Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 221 Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier she put 1827 in Florula belgica, p.22 Suaeda maritima than in the genus Suaeda.
Synonyms of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. are Atriplex maritima (L.) Crantz, Chenopodina maritima (L.) Moq. , Chenopodium maritimum L., Dondia maritima (L.) Druce, Lerchea maritima (L.) Kuntze, Salsola maritima (L.) M.Bieb. , Salsola maritima (L.) Poir. , Schoberia maritima (L.) CAMey. , Suaeda fernaldii ( Standley ) Standley and Suaeda richii Fernald.
Suaeda maritima belongs to the subgenus Brezia ( Moq. ) Friday & contactors within the genus Suaeda.
The type Suaeda maritima is with the closely related species Suaeda pannonica ( Beck) Graebn. , Suaeda prostrata Pall. and Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. merged to form Suaeda maritima rich aggregate.