Sultanate of Egypt

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The Sultanate of Egypt ( Misir Sultanlığı Turkish, Arabic السلطنة المصرية, English Sultanate of Egypt ) was a short-term protectorate of Great Britain over Egypt, which existed from 1914 to 1922.

History

At the beginning of World War I was planning Great Britain, which was military in Ottoman Egypt actually been present since 1882 to build its own protectorate over the previous Khedivat Egypt to this to be able to detach from the Ottoman sphere of influence so completely. On December 19, 1914 they therefore deposed the Khedive Abbas Hilmi II and encouraged his uncle, Hussein Kamil, to proclaim the Sultanate and to declare himself Sultan.

At the same time taught Britain a Commissariat country, the protectorate over Egypt. First High Commissioner was a caretaker until January 9, 1915 Milne Cheetham, who was replaced by Henry McMahon.

The Ottoman army continued from January 1915 up to 80,000 soldiers to march to retake the country and drive out the British. This army was defeated near the Suez Canal on February 3, 1915, and pushed back. Although the Sinai Peninsula remained until the year 1917 into a theater of war, the Sultanate itself, however, was not seriously threatened at this time.

When the British in 1919 the nationalist Wafd Party refused to participate in the Paris Peace Conference, there were nation-wide strikes, protests and riots. Therefore, the British High Commissioner Edmund Allenby was dedicated to grant independence to Egypt, because it is otherwise difficult to maintain.

On February 28, 1922, the country finally gained its formal independence from Great Britain, which, however, some rights in the country and continue reserving exerted strong influence with the Declaration of Egypt. Two weeks later, on 15 March 1922, the previous Sultan Fu'ad I finally called from the independent kingdom of Egypt. The statement was sent to the Acting High Commissioner, the Marshal Allenby, successor of the High Commissioner for Egypt Reginald Wingate by Lord Curzon the British Foreign Ministry already on 21 February 1922 but not approved until February 28, 1922, as a circular dispatch from March 15, 1922 content communicated to the British missions abroad, resulting in different citation of the date. The later " British - Egyptian treaty of independence " from August 26, 1936 at the time of the successor State Kingdom of Egypt was denounced by Egypt on 15 October 1951 by which the influence of British rule ended.