Supervisor

Supervisors are persons to whom an organization within the authority was granted to issue orders to subordinate staff.

Managers have the task to formulate goals for the group to realize this and adapt the means to this end also unexpected situations. Managers are not only externally, but also regulate the behavior of group members and monitor the group norms ( leadership ). Likewise, assume superiors criminal and the law of obligations and the responsibility that they are subordinates sufficiently, particularly with regard to the safety, training.

In a line organization is called a ( strict ) hierarchy consequence, inasmuch as the representative of a level of the hierarchy correspond to the ( only direct ) supervisor of the next subordinate hierarchy level set. In a matrix organization, an employee what the activity is concerned, although several supervisors have, the supervisory function in the sense of personal responsibility, however, lies iA in an individual.

Distinctions

Managers are distinguished according to disciplinary and functional managers.

Determine the labor input and review, no later than the termination of the employee in job reference, their work performance. You can determine the working set by law, collective agreements and company agreements and approve the vacation. A malfunction of the employee may be penalized by them ( warning, dismissal ). The HR is usually a purely disciplinary supervisor who had no professional authority.

Give such directions as are necessary to achieve the results. You can issue directions to work assignments or punish refusals. Typical purely technical project manager or supervisors are the lower ranks in the hierarchy. In the past, professional and disciplinary powers were often together. Today, both responsibilities fall apart due to the increasingly flexible means of matrix or project organization.

Situation in Germany

Superiors in the German civil service law

Within authorities, a manager (also called office manager ) any officials who may issue another official in relation to its official activity instructions.

A distinction he is legally officials from the service manager, who is responsible for all legal employment decisions on the personal affairs of an official ( disciplinary action, approval of business trips or holidays ).

For federal officials, the supervisory function is regulated by the Federal Law on Civil Servants. Supervisors or supervisor is, who can submit official instructions (§ 3, paragraph 3), superior or supervisor of is who is responsible for civil service decisions about the personal affairs of her or his subordinate public servants (§ 3, paragraph 2). The superiors and superiors property is determined by the structure of the management (§ 3, paragraph 4), supreme authority of the official or officials is the supreme authority of the employer, in whose division the civil servant an office in it ( § 3, paragraph 1).

According to ( § 17, paragraph 1) federal disciplinary law the immediate superior is also the disciplinary superior who may initiate disciplinary proceedings against the official.

The German Judiciary Act provides that the civil service regulations are applied mutatis mutandis to judge.

Superiors in the army

In the army due to special circumstances of the service into a different arrangement has been made. The superior regulation provides several ways for military superiors to assign the associated rights and obligations.

• Immediate supervisor
• Line manager
• Supervisors with special responsibilities
• Managers in respect of their degree
• Supervisors by special arrangement
• Supervisors based on their own declaration, which is possible only for emergencies

• Berufsrecht
• Job function