Supreme Council of Antiquities
The Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA, dt " Supreme Council of Antiquities ", Arabic المجلس الأعلى للآثار, DMG al - al -a ʿ lā maǧlis li - l - Atar ) is the supreme authority of monuments of Egypt. She is responsible for the regulation of all archaeological excavations in Egypt, preservation of finds and the protection of archaeological sites in Egypt. Other responsibilities will include exhibitions, research, documentation and publication of media information to the Egyptian cultural heritage. It is subordinate to the Egyptian Ministry of Culture.
History of Antiquities
The establishment of an Authority to protect Egyptian antiquities dating back to the year 1859, in which the Département d' Antiques or Service d' Antiques ( Antiquities ), by the Frenchman Auguste Mariette ( 1821-1881 ) was founded. Mariette was fighting for the preservation of Egyptian monuments, against the looters and against the illegal export of Egyptian antiquities. It was his concern that the antiquities remain in Egypt. In 1858 he was appointed by the Khedive ( Viceroy ), director of the Egyptian monuments, the Service of Antiquities d' Egypte (SAE ), which today still endures. In Cairene district Bulak Mariette had acquired an ancient town hall and used to house the antiquities.
Mariette's successor was Gaston Maspero. Under his leadership the French Archaeological Institute of the Oriental Studies ( Institut français d' archéologie orientale ( IFAO ) ) was established as a separate institution and started a major museum in planning because the warehouse was constantly threatened by the floods of the Nile. Maspero was so much bound by his teaching duties in Paris, that he had to be represented frequently by Emil Brugsch, so that the binding was always loose. Around 1900 the construction of the Egyptian Museum could be tackled during which the antiquities were briefly outsourced to Giza. In 1904, Sir William Edmund Garstin adviser to the Egyptian government as a Secretary of State in the Ministry of Public Works (Public Works). Under the Ministry were also the antiquities. In this capacity, he worked closely with the Service d' Antiques and Gaston Maspero Egyptien together
Although the British, the Egyptian government had provided since 1880 and controlled after the First World War, the fully independent from the Ottoman Empire Egypt under their protectorate, the management of the Authority remained in French hands. Only after the Second World War and the fall of the king under Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Antiquities Authority was nationalized and placed under Egyptian leadership. In 1971, the Egyptian Antiquities Authority, the designation Organization ( EAO) ( Egyptian Antiquities Service ) as it then was called up to the year 1994. This year was a re- renaming and reorganization to today's Supreme Council of Antiquities.
During the revolution in Egypt, 2011, the Supreme Council of Antiquities from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture was dissolved and transferred into a separate Ministry of State for Antiquities Affairs (MSAA ), later Ministry of State for Antiquities ( MSA). Minister was Zahi Hawass. In the context of multiple cabinet reshuffles the future of the ministry was repeatedly uncertain. Finally, it was dissolved on 17 July 2011 and the report directly re -created Supreme Council of Antiquities to the cabinet.
The chief inspectors
When Gaston Maspero a second time returned to work in the fall of 1899, the staff consisted of just 24 people, including guards. In October it was decided to set two European chief inspectors. They had the task to preserve the monuments in their area and repair, excavation for the SAE implement and monitor the excavations that were carried out by other persons. An inspector should be stationed in Cairo and will be responsible for the area of the Delta until after Kus, the other from Kus to the Sudanese border. They received a salary of 400 Egyptian pounds, which should be increased within four years to 600 and then to 800. After four years, the two inspectors should change their coast should also be spoken by the then present experiences on their breakdown again. The first two chief inspectors, appointed Maspero were James Edward Quibell for the North and Howard Carter of the South. There were huge areas and money was always in short supply in the service. Carter moved into the house of the Service at Medinet Habu. A bigger house with offices was planned on the east side of the Nile.
Structure, tasks and employees today
The Supreme Council of Antiquities is divided into six departments, which have the following responsibilities:
- The Department of the Secretary-General,
- The Department of Pharaonic and Greco-Roman era,
- The Department of the Coptic and Islamic times,
- The Department for financial support of antiques and museums,
- The Division of General Projects
- The Department for Museums.
So all six departments responsible for the management, financing, technology, development and science are associated.
President of the Supreme Council of Antiquities is the Minister of Culture. The management of the Authority the responsibility of the Secretary-General. All department heads are permanent members of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and the departments are subject in all administrative and operational affairs of the instruction of the Secretary-General.
Directors - General Secretaries - President
The current President of the Supreme Council of Antiquities is Faruq Hosni, Minister of Culture of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
"Service of Antiquities d' Egypte " (SAE ) (English: Antiquities Service )
French directors:
Egyptian directors:
Directors of the "Egyptian Antiquities Organization" (EAO )
General Secretaries of the "Supreme Council of Antiquities ' (SCA )