Surveying

Surveying is used both as a synonym for Geodesy, on the other hand, for measuring certain variables, in particular the detection of the actual and legal existence of parts of the earth's surface. This is meant by " measuring" the quantitative detection of a variable (eg distance, angle, height) and the totality of all for capturing an object (land, buildings, etc.) required under "Measurement " measurements.

Measurement is generally metrological determination of points on the Earth's surface, indoors or on objects, which one needs for a particular purpose. The use takes place in particular to the complete re-recording and mapping of areas.

Terrestrial measurement is the task of land management for documentation of boundaries and to detect characteristics of the land surface in the German administrative divisions.

The technical and mathematical methods of measurement are described in geodesy.

Engineering Surveying

As an engineer surveying is defined as the branch of surveying which is needed for building more complex structures such as buildings, roads, bridges and tunnels. Responsibilities are Maßermittlungen, staking out Bauachsen and heights, settlement measurements during construction and during construction control measurements.

National Survey

The National Survey deals with the cards in the accounts of the environment, especially for the creation of topographic maps ( 1:10,000 and smaller) and with the creation of a network of points whose coordinates are known. The latter was carried out some years ago by optical trigonometric measurements, with time, the coordinates of the grid points by satellite-based measurements ( GPS) but are increasingly driven.

In contrast to the Cadastral the curvature of the earth must be taken into account in optical measurements through the vast distances.

Cadastral

In the Cadastral lawful limits are determined or detected and determined the development of the land. The data is used to create full-scale maps and ownership registration.

Cadastral serves to secure the ownership of land. In addition to the continuation of the real estate cadastre. The field map is continued by, for example, new limits or newly measured building.

Land tenure

There are two types of zoning: in rural areas, this is the land consolidation, in the populated area, the ( land - ) assignment.

Land consolidation is applied when a reorganization of rural land is required ( fragmentation ) or surfaces must be taken in larger scale in claim ( road construction). Is performed this procedure from the ' Office of Rural Development ' or ' Office for Rural Development ' in Bavaria. The assignment is to re-division of land for construction is usually carried out by the survey offices of the cities or from the land registry offices belonging to the county governments.

Mountain surveying

As a mountain surveying is generally referred to the survey work in mining. These can be both subsurface cavities that were created for mining purposes, as well as his open-cast mines of the above-ground mining. The survey work in the mining industry are performed by Mark separators, Mountain surveyors or mountain surveying technicians.

Hydrographic Surveying

As a hydrographic survey and the shape and depth determination of a water body ( lake, river and stream bed, fairway, estuaries, shingle banks, etc.) is called. This is achieved with survey vessels or boats by a suitable combination of position and depth measurement.

Changes in the aquatic soils also require regular remeasurements, such as sedimentation in reservoirs or estuaries and the mass determination for dredgers.

Tonnage Measurement

Tonnage measurement is the determination of the content space of a ship.

Satellite surveying

Special tasks of measurements, the web of satellites from the surface and the measurement of the earth's surface of the satellite. The introduction of long-term observation of satellite signals of orbiting satellites for navigation, the classical terrestrial surveying has increasingly changed with devices to supported by satellite measurement of the Earth's surface (GPS).

Astronomical survey

Specialties of the survey deal with issues of trajectories of celestial bodies with the background erdbezogener, near-Earth or erdferner tasks. Also the astronomical determination of the plumb line, accurate directions ( azimuths, radio masts, etc.) and geographical coordinates are special applications of geodesy.