Sustainable architecture

Sustainable construction refers to a planning and Bauausführungsprozess and use ways that are focused on sustainability; that is, to the preservation of the ecosystem and the environment, to the benefit of man and society, and to optimize and increase the economic potential of a building. Due to the great importance of the ecological, economic and socio - cultural factors in the construction sector have integrated sustainable building these factors into an overall concept for the building. The factors to be considered as equivalent to each other and interact with each other standing.

• 3.5.1 Solar Energy
• 3.5.2 geothermal
• 3.5.3 biomass

• 3.6.1 Use and storage of renewable energies
• 3.6.2 use of combined heat and power
• 3.6.3 Use Appropriate provision of energy, air and water
• 3.6.4 Heat and cold recovery
• 3.6.5 Regular maintenance and inspection of Plant Engineering
• 3.6.6 Careful Commissioning and adjustment of systems engineering
• 3.6.7 Instruction and training of users and the operating personnel

• 5.1 comfort, health and user-friendliness 5.1.1 Thermal Comfort
• 5.1.2 Indoor Hygiene
• 5.1.3 Acoustic comfort
• 5.1.4 Visual comfort
• 5.1.5 Influence ability of the user
• 5.1.6 Security aspects

• 5.2.1 Accessibility
• 5.2.2 accessibility
• 5.2.3 mobility
• 5.2.4 Creative and urban factors
• 5.2.5 Kunst am Bau

The emergence of the concept and its importance

The Sustainable Building denotes an economical and ecological differentiation of the hitherto understood in Germany under the name of ecological building concept. The concept of sustainability emerged in the 18th century in forestry and was coined by the mining captain Hans Carl von Carlowitz. He recognized a link between the resulting solid clearing wood scarcity and negative environmental and social conditions. As a result of his observations, he called for a careful handling of the resource wood, by which he meant the balanced relationship between cultivation and clearing of the wood. This thinking has had an impact until the 20th and 21st century. Established by the United Nations Brundtland Commission formulated in 1987, the principle of sustainable development. This concept should initiate a process of change that responds to negative changes in nature and climate and energy and resource budget with the demand for intergenerational equity. Thus, an economic manner is propagated, including next economic profit both environmental as well as social responsibility and agreed with those coming the needs of current generations. The guiding principle of sustainability is based on the realization that the economy, ecology and society are interlocking systems. The actors in the economy and society are increasingly recognizing that without the balance of systems of natural habitat is endangered and can not be saved for future generations longer. This idea also based the objectives of sustainable construction.

Definition

A sustainable building is distinguished by its high ecological, economic and socio - cultural quality. These three aspects are the three main pillars of sustainability. The criteria characterizing them are not isolated but are considered in a general context. Starting point and important condition in order to make an objective assessment of the sustainable quality of a building can, is to consider the entire life of a building. The life of a building includes the stages of planning, construction, use, operation, and the demolition or dismantling. These different phases of a building put together its life cycle dar. The life cycle as is the time frame for the assessment of sustainability. All phases of the life cycle must be involved in assessing the sustainability of a building.

Evidence of sustained quality of a building is usually by means of a building certification. In Germany, the following certification and assessment systems have prevailed:

• German Society for Sustainable Building, DGNB,
• Rating System for Sustainable Building Federal Building, NBB,
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED, and
• Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, BREEAM.

Ecological quality: objectives, criteria and measures

Ecology is one of the three main pillars of sustainability. It involves the aspects of the conservation of resources, protection of the global and local environment and reducing the total energy requirements of the building. The consideration of these factors is due to climate change, rising energy prices and dwindling resources inventories of great importance. The following ecological criteria largely determine the quality of a sustainable building.

Land use

The warranty to maximize the life of a building as an important goal of sustainable construction includes the possibility of re-use of buildings. The building re-use has the effect that the land use is reduced by new buildings. A reduction is necessary, as is associated with the increasing development of land, the loss of natural habitat for the local fauna and flora, and thus the extinction of species. It also caused an increased volume of traffic, which in turn has noise, emissions and high energy consumption. Similarly, associated with the expansion of sealing surfaces significantly interfering in the natural water balance by disrupting the groundwater recharge and increases the risk of flooding. In contrast, soil and natural spaces by area gentle control of residential development are protected. An efficient measure to reduce the new use is for example the Land Recycling is in the Barrens, such as unused industrial and commercial areas or military bases, can be used again.

Method of construction

Durability

A sustainable building is designed for durability. The claim for permanence is primarily worn in the planning bill and mainly relates to the building construction and the building materials. The longest possible service life can be guaranteed that multiple use is possible and the building can be adapted without too much effort to changing structural use ( s). Compared to the new building, the conversion of the stock often proves to be ecologically advantageous, since adverse environmental effects can be reduced by it. As a rule - this can be determined in the context of a life cycle assessment and life cycle costing - fall in the use of existing buildings (existing use ) had significantly lower energy and material flows in the field of building materials used in manufacturing new parts. Particularly high flexibility is provided as a modular design and the use of prefabricated components.

Building shape and building orientation

Also the shape of the building and the building orientation are important criteria for the sustainability of a building. Both of these factors contribute significantly to the energy efficiency of the building. A compact design is an essential prerequisite for a low heating demand dar. The more compact a building is, the lower the energy requirement, since in this case the ratio of heat-emitting surfaces, that is, the building envelope is relatively low to the heated building volume. This prevents heat loss. For an energy-efficient design also contributes to a high component mass in the interior, which serves as a thermal storage mass, by ensuring sufficient heat storage in winter and a good cold storage in the summer. Determining factors for the heating requirements of a building are also its orientation and the orientation of the window. In the main orientation of the largest window areas of the building are located in the south, to use as the natural solar energy is optimally passive can. At high heat inputs from solar radiation can be prevented by appropriate shading systems ( heat protection in summer ). The roof is oriented to the south, which is optimally guaranteed the possibility of using a solar system.

Building materials

Sustainable buildings are characterized by an ecologically sustainable optimization in the areas of resources, energy, water and wastewater. It means reducing the use of natural resources substantially. Therefore, it is already considered in sustainable building in the planning phase to the use of building structures, components and products in the manufacture of a small amount of energy is needed and which are made ​​from renewable raw materials as possible. The raw materials are in turn derived from sustainable forestry. To environmentally sustainable building materials include, for example wood and earthen building materials. Many building materials from renewable raw materials are suitable for thermal insulation, such as hemp fiber, flax fiber or wool. Ecologically sustainable construction is further characterized in that the transport routes of the building materials are as short as possible to it on site, so as to maintain the necessary energy is low and the material cycles closely. In the case of demolition of the building sustainable building products and structures can be largely reused or recycled. They can thus be safely recycled into the natural biogeochemical cycles. The use of building materials and structures with these materials, which have harmful effects on the environment and humans, is therefore avoided in sustainable building or greatly reduced. These include, for example, halogens, such as those used in refrigerants, heavy metals such as zinc, chromium, copper, lead and cadmium, are present in plastics or wood preservatives, for example, or volatile organic compounds (VOC ), or hydrocarbons, for carpets, floor coverings and coatings. These substances show their negative effect on the site or during the use of the building, for example, when the materials are exposed to long-term weathering. In contrast, the construction materials used in sustainable buildings and structures are low in emissions, have little negative impact on the global and on the local environment and are not harmful to health.

Insulation and heat protection

An important factor which influences the heating and hence the energy requirements of a building, the insulation. The optimization of the structural thermal protection helps to reduce the energy demand of the building, thus saving fossil fuels is associated. This in turn causes that natural resources are saved and CO2 emissions are reduced. Thermal protection can be achieved in sustainable construction mainly through the thermal envelope. In most cases, insulation systems are used. Here, a heat insulation material on the outer wall of the building is fixed by means of adhesive. Optimum thermal insulation can be achieved by the use of insulating materials with low thermal conductivity and a high total thickness. The EIFS reported expanded polystyrene with and without graphite, rock wool and cork the best values ​​in the LCA. Another measure to prevent heat dissipation and thus energy losses of optimized insulation represents the heat -insulating glass, which is standard since the introduction of the third thermal insulation regulation in Germany in 1995. Insulating glass consisting of two or three slices. They have heat function coating (s) of metal. The plate intermediate spaces are (usually argon ) is filled with an inert gas. When constructing a sustainable building is also paid to the avoidance of thermal bridges. These occur especially at the transitions of different components as well as to places where their design less insulation can be applied as in the rest of the building.

Energy sources

The operation of a sustainable building is geared towards the conservation of natural resources. This is especially true for the power supply. Because with 40 % of the EU's total energy demand in 2009 have building to a very high energy consumption. In addition to efficient thermal insulation, the building is in sustainable construction to reduce energy consumption optimized, eg by means of the use of renewable energies such as solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass ( and rarely wind and hydropower). Thus, the consumption of fossil, non-renewable and increasingly scarce resources of coal, lignite, petroleum, natural gas and uranium is reduced. The use of renewable energies thus contributes to the reduction of primary energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels (see also plant engineering). In addition to resource conservation environmental sustainability in the construction sector has the aim to reduce the harmful emissions caused by buildings and their materials. A major contribution of sustainable construction to reduce the negative impact on the environment and the climate is to reduce greenhouse gas by the use of renewable energies. The main cause of the increase of greenhouse gases and thus for the greenhouse effect are combustion processes of fossil fuels for energy. In these processes, carbon dioxide ( CO2) and other gases with similar damaging effect are released, leading to a warming of the earth's surface and, consequently, to global warming. In contrast, renewable energy is almost completely CO2 neutral. The use of renewable energies also reduces the emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, which lead to the acidification of air and soil, and have negative effects on water bodies, beings and buildings. Heat and electricity generation in sustainable building often means the following renewable energy sources:

Solar energy

Solar thermal systems are used in the form of solar panels mainly for water heating. However, since the required for domestic water heating solar energy is not available all year round, the requirement in the rule can only be met through a combination of solar panels and existing heating systems. In addition to the domestic hot water solar systems can also be used for backup heating. In addition, solar energy for air conditioning in buildings can easily be combined with an absorption chiller. For power supply using solar energy increasingly photovoltaic systems are used. They convert the radiant energy of sunlight directly into electricity. The building can produce electricity both for their own care and to feed into the public grid with photovoltaic technology.

Geothermal

This alternative to fossil fuels has become quite common. The advantages of geothermal energy source are that they - unlike solar energy - any time is available and that it is not subject to temperature fluctuations that may cause a loss of performance of the geothermal plants. Geothermal energy uses the energy stored in the earth. The most common method of geothermal energy is the conversion of near-surface geothermal heat energy in a heat pump (s).

Biomass

The term biomass includes the amount of living and dead plants and animals and their metabolic products, products and residues on an organic basis, as part of the use and exploitation is also spoken of biogenic raw materials. The conversion of plants into fuels by means of different thermochemical process so that biomass, liquid or gaseous fuels is an integral available. While fossil conversion products such as coal, oil or natural gas when burned, emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, the use of sustainable biomass does not affect the carbon cycle, since only the plants needed for their growth CO2 from the air can give back to these. The use of biomass technology contributes to the reduction of pollution caused by buildings CO2 emissions. It also strengthens the local agriculture and forestry. However, it also has environmental and social disadvantages: threat of increased production of energy crops displace food crops and destroying forests. In addition, is expelled from the combustion of biomass, such as waste wood, the greenhouse gas N2O.

Plant technology

In addition to reducing the energy demand of buildings through insulation systems engineering plays the biggest role in reducing the overall energy demand and thus of harmful emissions and for the preservation of natural resources. To reduce the harmful effects of buildings on the environment, an efficient system technology is indispensable. The person responsible for the emissions system technology in buildings is divided into:

• Systems for heat generation and distribution,
• Systems for domestic water supply,
• Equipment for ventilation and air conditioning,
• Electrical systems,
• Systems for compressed air supply and
• Use-specific installations.

The following system concepts are in principle capable of reducing harmful emissions and conserve natural resources:

Use and storage of renewable energy

(see energy)

Use of combined heat and power

Combined heat and power plants are plants that generate both electricity and heat. This will, inter alia, by internal combustion engines ( gas or diesel engines ) is reached in conjunction with electric generators to generate electricity. The waste heat of the motor is used, eg, for heating and for domestic hot water. Plants of this type are also known as cogeneration, CHP shortly. An extended form of combined heat and power generation is the combined heat, cooling and power, in the means of absorption chillers from the heat generated by a CHP cold is produced, eg for air conditioning in buildings. Combined heat and power plants are compared with a current production, for example, from conventional power plants by the advantage that the waste heat is used for electricity production in CHP plants for the most part. Therefore, the overall efficiency of combined heat and power plants is higher than in a separate generation of electricity and heat based on the same fuels.

Terms Adapted provision of energy, air and water

By accurately as possible adapted to the use of the provision of energy, air and water can be the total energy and water needs of buildings significantly reduce. This is for example achieved by a precise setting of the time programs of boilers, circulation and other pumps and ventilation and compressed air systems. In addition, for example, variable-speed motors in pumps, ventilation systems etc. will help, etc. as closely as possible to adapt the provision of heating, fresh air to the requirements of users.

Heat and cold recovery

By cooling and heat recovery, the overall energy efficiency of equipment is increased. This can be done for example by the recovery of waste heat from exhaust gases of combustion processes in boilers with heat exchanger or through the use of the resulting cooling energy from heat pumps for air conditioning in buildings or cooling energy. The waste heat from refrigeration systems can be usefully employed, eg, in the drinking water heating.

Regular maintenance and inspection of Plant Engineering

Regular maintenance and inspection of the system technology leads to defects and malfunctions can be detected early and corrected. A regular cleaning and inspection of the settings in the maintenance of systems engineering is a prerequisite for lasting efficient operation of the plant technology.

Careful Commissioning and adjustment of systems engineering

Also, a comprehensive commissioning and adjustment contributes to an efficient operation of the plant equipment. In the simplest case, this means the exact start of a heating boiler according to the manufacturer's instructions with the correct setting of all control parameters and time programs and their adaptation to the utilization, to the local environment and to the connected heating systems ( underfloor heating or radiators, domestic hot water, etc.). Also the control of balancing after a run-in phase (eg after the start of heating season ) is part of a comprehensive commissioning and adjustment of systems engineering. For larger installations, commissioning considerably more complex and requires a so-called start-up management, eg according to VDI regulation 6039th

Instruction and training of the users and the operating personnel

A comprehensive instruction and training of the users and the operating personnel ensures energy efficient operation of the plant equipment. Here the system cut- technology when not in use and the continuous adaptation time programs to a changing use are mentioned in particular. With the training of operating personnel can further optimize the system technology can be achieved during operation and by focusing on an energy-efficient user behavior, further savings can be made useful.

Water technology and water use

The conservation of water resources plays an important role in sustainable construction. The reduction in potable water consumption is mainly through the use of water -saving technology, such as efficient installations ( single-control, Spülstopps etc.). The reduction of wastewater volume is an efficient means to reduce water demand. For example, gray water ( low polluted waste water by as showers ) can be used or rainwater for toilet flushing.

Waste and environmentally sound disposal

A high proportion of the total volume of waste attributable to construction and demolition waste. To minimize this action and therefore to reduce the negative effects of waste on the environment, the development of concepts for waste separation, recycling and environmentally sound disposal is necessary. It is an important part of planning a sustainable building. A waste plan includes, for example, surveys on waste generation for the building, planning of waste separation and delivery of recyclable material collection containers. Since sustainable construction aims at the optimization of the factors that influence the life cycle, the possibility of dismantling will be given special consideration. It is mainly the protection of natural resources and the avoidance of a high waste volume. A high restoration capability allows the return of the parts of the building into the natural energy and material cycle. The highest level of this recycling is the reuse of building materials. In this reuse of materials for a new product of the same material, as is often the case with copper tubing, or the use of the reclaimed materials and components of a non- similar product follows. Recycled components and materials are, for example, supporting structures, exterior walls, interior walls, ceilings and roofs. Sustainable construction is aimed at the use of building materials that can be re - used or recycled. The final stages are the thermal recycling and dumping of building materials. The amount of material of these stages is minimized by the use recyclefähiger building materials in sustainable construction.

Economic quality

Economy constitutes another pillar of sustainability. The optimization of the economic aspect in terms of sustainability means in the field of construction, that all stages of the life cycle of the building to be considered in its economic assessment. In contrast to conventional planning and design feasibility studies in sustainable building capture not only the investment costs for the construction process, that is, its acquisition and construction costs. Rather, a sustainable building is judged on the basis of its entire life cycle. The cost of a planned construction project is assessed using a life cycle cost analysis so-called ( Life cycle cost analysis, LCCA ). This calculation of total cost includes the following factors:

• The cost of manufacture of the building, which includes the property and design costs, i.e. the costs of investment,
• The cost of Baunutzung, the operating costs (ie the media consumption of heating, hot water, electricity, water, sewage ) includes, and
• The building and component-specific costs, such as for cleaning, care and maintenance. Therein included are also necessary for the decommissioning expenses, such as for demolition, removal, reuse or recycling and disposal.

On the basis of life cycle cost calculations, the efficiency of a building can detect and assess. The basis of cost estimation for the different life cycle phases form regulations such as DIN 276 and DIN 18960, in which the costs for each stage are identified and classified. Especially the usage costs are based on forecast data, as the development of the cost of different factors, such as the building use or if the user behavior is dependent. Most exceed the Baufolgekosten that arise in the use and decommissioning phase, the cost of construction. As an extended service life of the building is desired, the reduction in operating costs and use to minimize the life cycle cost is significant. This reflects the interactions between ecological and economic factors: In a sustainable building operating costs can ecologically oriented measures, such as improved thermal insulation in connection with an energy-optimized plant technology using renewable energies are lowered. This requires an increased design requirement, which increases the costs for this phase. In this phase, on the other hand is the ability to control the costs for the preparation, use and demolition, given by means of integral planning the most effective. The optimization of the life-cycle costs is primarily the result of the comparison of different building designs in their variants in this phase. The comparison of alternatives in terms of their cost savings makes evident and thus serves as a basis for cost-effective planning variant. This can be the entire building as well as sub-systems, such as the technical building system (strategic components ) relate. Cost-effectiveness calculations that include the life-cycle costs, also are relevant for the decision either for a new building or for the conversion of an existing building. Furthermore, they help in finding the most economical procurement variant (PPP, leasing, contracting, or similar).

In terms of sustainability as a protection of the resource capital as constant as possible stability is an important criterion for the economic performance of a building. Whose performance is highly dependent on external factors such as market and site development. These factors involve the risk of impairment, which must be taken into account during the planning phase. To counteract this risk and thus to ensure the stability in the long term, a sustainable building needs quickly and cost effectively can adapt to changing user requirements. By focusing on extending the life of the sustainable construction of the third aspect of the usefulness receives a special meaning. They decisively influenced the development of the value of the building as its permanent occupancy and thus stability can be guaranteed due to the possibility of reutilization. A contribution to economic optimization also makes the space efficiency of the building. Space efficiency is achieved when the building area is effectively divided and used that construction and operating costs can be reduced.

Socio - cultural and functional quality

The third pillar of sustainability of buildings form socio - cultural and functional factors. They represent the basis for the acceptance and appreciation of a building by its users and society in general dar. taking account of social values ​​such as inclusion, health, quality of life, safety and mobility and aesthetic- cultural values ​​such as design in the construction concept to be integrated.

Comfort, health and user-friendliness

So that people perceive their living and working environment as pleasant, optimal use conditions must apply. These are created in sustainable building through measures that meet the requirements especially pertaining to human health, the comfort and ease of use. The following criteria determine the socio - cultural and functional quality of a building ::

Thermal comfort

The thermal comfort of a building depends on an optimally - comfortable room temperature. This is in winter at about 21 ° C and, in summer is around 24 ° C. The radiation temperature of the spaces bounding surfaces must not deviate too much from the room temperature ( / - 4 ° C). The room air should be felt as neither too wet nor too dry. Drafts can be avoided by appropriate structural or technical measures.

Indoor Hygiene

A high standard of indoor air quality can be achieved by the optimal selection of materials used. This choice contributes to the health care of the users and affects their Odour perception positively. Building products such as paints, varnishes, wood preservatives, wood materials, floor coverings and adhesives, wall and ceiling coverings, waterproofing, plaster, bricks, cement and concrete contain volatile organic compounds (VOC, Volatile Organic Compounds) and formaldehyde. The emissions of these materials are harmful and affect user comfort, as they are due to their high odor intensity perceived as unpleasant. The use of these substances is avoided in sustainable building or greatly reduced. Negative odor perceptions also arise from the users themselves who consume oxygen to produce CO2 and organic vapors. Therefore, the possibility of frequent air exchange ( " ventilation" ) must be given. The air exchange can be done using energy-efficient ventilation systems by natural ventilation, which uses thermal activity within the building, or in a mechanical way. This shows that the claims of sustainable construction may conflict with each other: While serving a high ventilation rate of improvement of the air quality, but on the other hand, is connected with energy losses. This contradiction can be resolved not always. Rather, it is in sustainable building is to create a balance and the balance between the various requirements.

Acoustic comfort

The acoustics within a space acts on the well- being and productivity of the user. Acoustic comfort is achieved when the user is exposed to as few external and internal noise sources as acoustic emissions affect the ability to concentrate and can cause stress. Concepts for sound absorption are dependent on the respective space usage. Especially in open office structures, such as multi-person offices, speech intelligibility, communication and the ability to concentrate can be severely limited. This circumstance makes the best possible sound absorption necessary. These sound absorbing surfaces are mounted on ceilings and partitions. Glass sound barriers or adjusting wall absorber can structure the space without compromising visual contact among the employees. When used as a meeting room, however, a combination of sound reflecting and sound absorbing action is necessary because this type of use requires enhanced sound transmission.

Visual comfort

The visual properties of living and working spaces play in the assessment of comfort by the user an important role. The lighting situation in a building is made up of both natural daylight as well as from artificial light. Essential for the well -being and performance of the user's presence is sufficient daylight. This can be determined by means of the daylight factor and is quantified for different land use types. A good sight to the outside is important. These criteria may be, for example, by sufficiently large windows filled with optimal alignment. The natural light sources should be equipped with a protective device against glare and overheating, provide adequate shading. However, these shading systems may not or only slightly prevent the view to the outside. Also, the exposure system used for a lot of areas, such as work surfaces, integrated in sustainable construction in the visual concept. Here we recommend a combination of direct and indirect lighting. This compensates for the adverse effects of both types of lighting. Thus, the reflected glare or shadows that may arise in the direct illumination, reduced by indirect lighting. With this, the light flux is deflected in the ceiling or walls of the room, from where it is reflected to the required surfaces. It creates diffused light, which may limit the spatial perception. This adverse effect can in turn be compensated by direct lighting that sharpens the contrasts.

Influence ability of the user

The above- mentioned socio-cultural criteria determine the satisfaction of the user. However, since the user's needs are individual, he must himself be able to influence the regulation of ventilation, sun and glare protection, temperature during and outside of the heating season and artificial light to provide for his personal comfort. This creates a high level of acceptance of the premises used. The installations for regulating the systems must also be easy to use.

Safety aspects

Socio-cultural criteria, increase the feeling of comfort with the user, also affect safety. A subjective feeling of security is generated as by technical alarm devices such as fire and intrusion alarm systems, through a sufficient illumination of the grounds and through a clear routing. Also, the presence of a security service, for example, outside the regular working hours, intensified the sense of security. These measures help to avoid risks, attacks, disasters and accidents. An optimal safety concept also includes the planning of escape routes and evacuation capacity in case of accidents and disasters, measures to reduce fire gas and smoke.

Accessibility, Design and Art

Accessibility

In terms of the integration of disabled people into the work and life everyday a sustainable building is designed so that people with disabilities using the building is possible without outside help. This means as the construction of barrier-free entrances and barrier free space transitions. For this quality criterion also includes the facility suitable for disabled people, parking and adequate exercise areas, such as corridors wide enough and sufficient availability of toilets for the disabled.

Accessibility

The general social acceptance of buildings within an urban district and the city is increased by the criterion of accessibility. This concept corresponds to that a building is not a hermetically sealed structure, but that parts of the building are open to as many users, such as the grounds or in-building areas such as cafeterias or libraries. Sustainable building design in terms of socio-cultural sustainability also guarantees the public use of cafes, restaurants and studios. Sustainable construction is aimed at a mixed use of this public space, which can be adapted to a changed conversion easily.

Mobility

To increase the ecological and energy -efficient mobility, good accessibility of the building is at a sustainable building made ​​by public transport ( public transport and by bicycle. The cycling infrastructure is designed so that a sufficient number of bicycle parking is available. These are optimally arranged by There are about near the entrance. Moreover, shower and changing facilities are available for bicycle users. example, the attractiveness of the building be increased while meeting environmental requirements.

Creative and urban factors

In sustainable construction and the aesthetic aspect of a building plays a major role. This means the integration of the building in urban development concepts and at the same time the structural diversity. The design and urban quality is ensured through the implementation of planning competitions. The benefits of planning competitions are firstly the expertise of the jury, which ensures the high architectural quality of the building project. In addition, this guarantees that the principal of the construction project can be found in a competitive and transparent procedure a well suitable contractor.

Art in architecture

The art and architecture has an important role to increase the structural performance of a building. Works of art comes to the task of creating a direct link between place and building object and thus strengthen the acceptance and identification of the users with the building. They also apply as an interface between the building and the public. Accordingly, aspects such as their role towards the public, for instance in events or guides communicated.