Swiss National Library
The Swiss National Library (NL) (French Bibliothèque nationale suisse (BN ), Italian Biblioteca nazionale svizzera (BN ), Romansh Biblioteca naziunala svizra (BN ) ) is located in Bern. Until the end of 2006 was her German name Swiss National Library (SNL ). The Swiss National Library is an institution of the Federal Office of Culture (FOC ) within the Federal Department of Home Affairs (DHA ).
The Swiss National Library has the statutory mandate to collect all publications, to tap into to get and convey that appear in Switzerland, referring to Switzerland or to persons with Swiss citizenship or residence or affiliates of Swiss or with Switzerland authors or authors are created or helped to shape, regardless of the language. The Swiss National Library is therefore the first point of contact for Helvetica. Since 1992, this concerns not only printed works, but also other information carriers. In addition, the NB collects publications of international organizations which have their headquarters in Switzerland (eg UN, WHO, etc.) or the NB have contractually determined to Depositarin in Switzerland.
The National Library currently has a portfolio of over 5 million media, it has 120 full-time employees and their budget was around 32 million Swiss francs in 2009.
History
Chronology
The former State Library was initiated by the Zurich dialectologists and librarian Friedrich dust in 1891. 1894 approved the Council of States and the National Council of the Federal Decree on the establishment of a Swiss National Library. 1895 took this to their activities. The move to new premises in 1899, enabled the library to open the collections to the public. 1901 appeared the first time the Bibliographical Bulletin of the Swiss National Library, which was due to their recruits, by the Swiss National Library, edited. Already in the first years of existence also manuscripts, graphic prints and photographs were collected in addition to monographs and periodicals.
In 1911, the federal law, the Swiss National Library was published in the Federal Gazette concerning the Swiss Confederation. In 1915, the Swiss National Library struck an agreement with the Swiss publishers, in which the publisher of assurances regarding library a free copy of every applied title. In 1928, the Swiss general catalog was launched, 60 years later, in 1991, the Swiss Literary Archives (SLA ), which was created at the suggestion of Friedrich Dürrenmatt, was inaugurated. In addition to the estate of Friedrich Dürrenmatt the manuscript collection of the National Library formed the basis of the SLA. It accumulated since its inception literary estates of all four language regions and selected since 2011, publishing archives. In 1993, the Swiss National Library the first computerized with the library software from VTLS electronic catalog, one, one year later, in 1994, she made the online catalog Helvetica publicly. A year later, in 1995, the Swiss National Library participated in the founding of Memoriav, the Association for the Preservation of the Audiovisual Heritage of Switzerland. 2000, the newly founded Centre Dürrenmatt Neuchâtel ( CDN) was incorporated.
1996, on the initiative of the Graphic Collection of the National Library of the Swiss Poster general catalog ( CCSA, Catalogue collectif of affiches Suisses ). He leads the main poster holdings of Switzerland together to form a single virtual Swiss Poster Collection.
In 2003, the site went SwissInfoDesk, an annotated list of relevant links to Swiss topics, online. Four years later, in 2005, the Swiss National Library, the project started Virtual information about Switzerland, a partnership of libraries in Switzerland and abroad, who are ready to answer in their respective topic questions from the audience, which the partner libraries each other forward. 2007 the library received the new German names Swiss National Library. In 2008, the online archive database HelveticArchives was unlocked system providing access to the collections of the Swiss Literary Archives and the Graphic Collection. Since 2011, the electronic collections, the so-called eHelvetica for searches are available. The strategy 2012-2019 of the Swiss National Library 's motto is The future is digital. But the paper remains. Thus, it adjusts to the new developments in society, but simultaneously leads their traditional tasks on.
Architectural History
Already at the time of the Helvetic Republic in 1800 a project for the Swiss National Library was designed, but could not be realized. The first location was a four-room apartment with no electric lighting and no telephone access to Christoffelgasse 7 in Bern. 1899, the company moved into the building of the National Archives and in 1931 to the present address Hallwylstrasse 15 in the Bernese church field headquarters.
This place was on country -wide competition in 1927 in the years 1929-1931 according to the plans of the architects Oeschger, businessman and Hostettler a new building, which today stands as early advocate of architectural modernism ( New Building ) under monument protection. The individual parts of the building are clearly separated in the sense of functionalism. The eight-story books magazine, consistently designed as a high-rise, built on the expanding grid of 1.52 m, the same time the axial spacing of the shelves corresponds to how the window axes, as it forms the backbone of the building, annealed administrative tracts complement the character into a kind of court of honor, on the opposite school responds. In the middle is the skylight -lit reading room, which is moved into the actual center of the plant. Between 1994 and 1997, a new book stacks, consisting of seven underground floors, built. 2001 moved the library back their old premises after they have been significantly renovated and enlarged by construction. A second underground magazine was opened in 2009. This consists of four floors. At the Swiss National Library also includes the in 2000 in Neuchâtel opened the Centre Dürrenmatt Neuchâtel (CDN ), which was converted from Dürrenmatt's private house, designed by Mario Botta.
Acquisition
In contrast to other countries such as Germany or France, the delivery of legal deposit in Switzerland is not enshrined in law. The NB has ( today SLESR ASDEL ) met with the Swiss Booksellers and Publishers Association ( SBVV ) and the Société des Libraires et de la Suisse Romande Éditeurs an agreement on the delivery of a free copy. Swiss clubs, companies and other bodies and Swiss authors are required to provide their publications that appear outside the publishing and book trade ( so-called gray literature ), the NB also a copy available.
Use
The Swiss National Library is a mix between lending and reference library. Specifically, this means that the media, which are very valuable or older than 50 years, may only be used in the reading room. The opened in 1900 Borrowing is free for all users. Can be registered himself, who is of age and has a permanent residence in Switzerland.
Since 2003, the library serves various search services under the name SwissInfoDesk. For the independent search has compiled a list of relevant links about Switzerland, which is continuously updated and refreshed.
Since 2006, the Swiss National Library informed on their side of the existing cantonal and regional Swiss bibliographies and Swiss Special and specialized.
Online finding aids
Helvetica, the online catalog is (OPAC) of the NL. Detected in Helvetica are all monographs, music scores, microforms, multimedia, maps and atlases, however, only part of the newspapers and magazines that are in the NL. In addition, Helvetica also contains entries to sound documents, the Swiss National (FN) in Lugano. The oldest printed book, which is listed in Helvetica, dates back to 1465th The indexing takes place only since 1998 in Helvetica.
HelveticArchives is the archive database of the NL. She went on 23 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Annemarie Schwarzenbach, online. Gradually, the entire archives of NB detected therein; are already available digitized photos of Annemarie Schwarzenbach.
Under the name ISplus also the list of all Swiss heritage institutions in HelveticArchives is integrated. ISplus also serves as the Swiss ISIL directory. Also included is the Index of manuscript collections held in archives and libraries in Switzerland.
Further on-line finding aids of the NB are the Swiss Poster Collection, the Swiss magazine Union Catalogue of RP / VZ ( not updated since mid-2002 and by the Swiss Journal Portal ZSP replaced) and the database of bibliographies Biblio.