Symphony A (Haydn)

The Symphony in B flat major, Hoboken directory I: 107 Joseph Haydn composed in 1760 / 61st Contrary to their high number is an early work and therefore also carries the Nummernbezeichung "A".

General

The Symphony "A" Joseph Haydn composed probably around 1760 / 61st The work was first known only in its version as a String Quartet Opus 1 No. 5. When the Austrian musicologist Eusebius Mandyczewski 1907 compiled a list of all symphonies in the context of a planned (but not been completed ) Haydn Complete Edition, he had therefore disregarded. The assumption that this might present the string quartet version of a work for orchestra, was confirmed by finds of votes material in the so-called Fürnberg - Morzin Collection ( Haydn was by the end of 1760 / beginning of 1761 the Count Morzin employed ) associated with the String Quartet Opus 1 No. 5 is identical. Later, the missing votes were found in the libraries of the Austrian monasteries of St. Florian and Göttweig. The symphony was first published in 1955 as a score in a book on Haydn's symphonies of Howard Chandler Robbins Landon and labeled as "A". Anthony van Hoboken gave her in his list of all the works of Haydn Symphony No. 107

" How much are used in this initial stage of Haydn's Symphony creativity wind instruments merely for reinforcing or filling sound, is also reflected in the fact that the quartet voices of Opus 1, No. 5 exactly match the string parts of the Symphony No. 107. The absence of wind had thus does not cause any changes to the musical structure. Imagine, however, einemal in the same way one of the " London " Symphonies processed only for string quartet, and you can gauge which way Haydn will resign from the modest, unassuming instrumentation this early symphony to the orchestral art of his late works. "

About the Music

Instrumentation: two oboes, two horns, two violins, viola, cello, double bass. Bassoon and harpsichord were to reinforce the bass voice then even without special notation used, insist on the participation of the harpsichord in the literature different opinions.

Performance time: approximately 15 minutes (depending on the pace and after complying with the required repetitions)

When used herein the terms of sonata form is considered that this scheme was designed in the first half of the 19th century (see below) and can be transferred from there to restrictions on a composed around 1760 plant. - Note that this description and structure of sentences is to be understood as a suggestion. Depending on your view, other accruals and interpretations are possible.

First movement: Allegro

B flat major, 3/4-time, 113 cycles

The first theme (bars 1-5 ) consists of three motifs: motif 1 of fanfares ascending B flat major - chord in the amount of two octaves, Scene 2 with triad figure and Sechzehntelfloksel down ( the motif is repeated ), image 3 with a Unisonotonleiter down back to B as a "starting point" of motif 1 the topic includes its continuous quaver movement in a forward-moving pulse, which is also characteristic for the further course of the movement. After a short piano figure from interrupted by pauses Provision follows a variant of the subjects head are the horns play with the fanfare of motif 1, motif 2 is not repeated, but instead Scene 1 (again with the horn), and a sequence of motif 2 Haydn enters cycle of 15 to F major. Here begins a long, three-part passage, which is marked by her rhythmically falling motif ( change from eighths and sixteenths ) and octave leap upward ( = motif 4). First, in the second violin in an upward sequenced dialogue with decreasing scale in oboe, viola and bass motif occurs four under the 1st violin tremolo (similar motif 3). From bar 23 the first violin gets the vocal line with motif 4 (the second violin plays to partially offset ), while the oboe on the one hand and Viola / Bass on the other hand play accompaniment figures. The energetic repeated motif 5 of syncope in the violins in the transition to a pendulum figure in Viola / Bass leads to the short break in the dominant F major, announcing the second theme. The second theme is determined by its dialogue of second violin / viola with the first violin, with a variation of previous pendulum figure is included. The energetic final section from bar 37 is with its two emerging gestures at the beginning of the sentence.

At the beginning of the implementation sequenced Haydn a combination of motif 1 and the spherical figure of the second theme down in both violins dialogue. From bar 53 tremolo sound surfaces, which lead on key change to G minor dominate. This key is establishing itself in the short term with motif 4 and a dramatically rising seventh chord, which resolves back to G minor. Immediately now follows the second theme in the subdominant E-flat major, and with a further spin -drying of the material of which announces the recapitulation.

The recapitulation at measure 80 is predominantly as the exposure structured. However, the topic header is not repeated, and the tremolo passage Motif 4 is replaced by a Bläserfanfare. Both parts of sentences (exposition and development and recapitulation ) are repeated.

Second movement: Andante

E-flat major, 2/4-cycle, 73 cycles

The Andante is kept only for strings and piano throughout. The sentence is in three parts: The first violin has the vocal line, the 2nd violin viola and bass on the one hand and on the other hand accompany interrupted by pauses staccato quavers. The main theme is achttaktig, consisting of two four-bar halves. Typical is the border character, the strong interval jumps ( eg octave jump already in bar 1 ) and the stressed suspensions. From the main theme of the material of the remaining block developed: From bar 9 follows an alternate to the dominant B flat major Fort spin drying of the theme taken up their head again, but differently then continued. Final section from bar 22 ends the first part.

The middle part ( " implementation " ) spins the material of the main theme of B flat major from further from bar 42 with haze after F minor. The recapitulation at measure 52 is shorter than the exposure. Both parts of sentences (exposition and development and recapitulation ) are repeated.

" The Andante is a beautiful, finely crafted miniature, which developed from a basically simple idea an amazing variety (note especially the treatment of the downward Oktavsprungs at the beginning). "

Third movement: Allegro molto

B flat major, 6/8-measure, 72 cycles

The set begins with the six-bar main theme, which consists of two motifs: a upbeat, forward-pressing sixteenth movement with change of Legato and Staccato and Triplet " grinder " that dominate in the second half of subjects. As in the Andante, the further course of the movement is essentially characterized by the material of the main theme, in particular the almost continuous continuous semiquavers.

After the main theme of Haydn continues the upbeat semiquaver movement and change it to dominants in F major. The introduced with triplets Grinder passage from bar 12 includes a falling in syncope vote against the first oboe and second violin, followed by a slide- like piano motif. The subsequent use Forte recalls with the falling tone sequence of the first violin at the previous syncope vote against. The final group in the surprising piano accesses the upbeat semiquavers and triplets Grinder.

In the middle section ( " implementation " ), the sixteenth motion is processed and passed through different keys. The continuous movement goes to clock 43 without interruption in the reprise of the main theme in the tonic B flat major on. The recapitulation is structured as exposure, but Haydn did not append a coda at Forte, in which the head of the main theme occurs again. Exposure as well as middle and Reprise be repeated.

References, notes

Web links, notes

• Clips and information on Symphony " A" ( 107) from Haydn's project " Haydn 100 & 7 " of the Haydn Festival Eisenstadt
• Joseph Haydn: Sinfonia "A" B- flat major. Philharmonia Volume No. 699, Vienna 1965 series. Howard Chandler Robbins Landon (ed.): Critical ssue complete symphonies of Joseph Haydn. ( Pocket score )
• Symphony "A" by Joseph Haydn: notes and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project.