Szentendre

Szentendre [ sɛntɛndrɛ ] ( German: Sankt Andrae ) is a Hungarian town in Pest county. Due to its proximity to Budapest, the beautiful baroque city image and the location on the Danube, it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary.

• 5.1 Museums
• 5.2 Structures
• 5.3 Specialty
• 5.4 traffic

Geography

Geographical Location

Szentendre is situated 20 km north-west of Budapest, on the right (western ) bank of a tributary of the Danube, Duna Szentendrei.

Geology

Szentendre is located on the eastern slope of the Hungarian Central Mountains, which divides the Pannonian Plain in two parts. The opposite Szentendre Island ( Sziget Szentendrei; German Sankt Andrae - Island ) and the east of the Danube main arm lying land already belong to the Great Hungarian Plain.

History

The area around Szentendre has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Excavations in the urban area occupy than 20,000 years old settlements. Later settled there Illyrians, after them the Eravisci, a Celtic tribe. Under Emperor Augustus, the Romans conquered in the 1st century AD the region. In the urban area of today Szentendre they founded with Ulcisia Castra (Wolf camp ) a fort to the rapidly developed a camp village ( vicus ) with burial ground. In the 4th century, the auxiliary troops ( Auxilia ) finished Roman garrison was renamed Constantia Castra and should get in Valentinian time with the fort Göd - Bócsaújtelep a community on the other bank of the Danube opposite the fortress, which was never completed. On today's open-air ethnographic museum was established at the beginning of the 3rd century in several stages, a 5200 square meters large Roman Villa, Villa Rustica ), one of the largest in Pannonia, which lasted until around 380-390 AD and was subsequently abandoned. The architectural remains of the plant can be visited (Villa Rustica Szentendre skanzen ).

In the 5th century, which consists of camps and watchtowers border protection system was destroyed in the vicinity of the settlement with the migration of peoples. Among the Lombards and Avars following them especially the settlement was an important place.

At the time of the Hungarian conquest Szentendre was 895 occupied as part of the acquisition of land by the Hungarian Kurszán. Was first documented the city 1009 on a hill, the church of St. Andrew, which gave the place its name was. Sankt Andrae was from Latin Hungarian Szentendre, German St. Andrew, Serbian Сентандреја ( Sentandreja ), Slovak and Croatian Senondrej Sentandrija. To the church hill were grouped the houses of the city. In the 14th century, the small town that had won because of its convenient location between the Buda and Visegrád centers in size and importance was attached.

1541, the Turks conquered the nearby fortress of Buda; the country came under Ottoman rule. During the Ottoman wars and the Ottoman rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, the population declined sharply. As in 1690, the city of Belgrade was recaptured by the Turks, the Serbs living there had to escape. Around 6,000 of them settled, equipped by Emperor Leopold I with privileges in Szentendre. In the following years, filled the city with other emigrants, among other things, Dalmatia, Greece and Bosnia. With the peace of Karlowitz to 1699 hope this Neusiedler smashed to return to their home countries. In the 18th century, the solid churches and solid houses built of different ethnic and religious communities to which the city owes its still existing baroque character emerged.

In the 19th century a large part of the Serbian population returned to their home country, their population share fell from 45% to below 20%. Your place took Hungary, Danube Swabians, who came mostly from Franconia, and Slovaks. Some of their Serbian Orthodox churches were converted to Catholic and Reformed churches. During the industrial revolution in the 19th century, Szentendre retained its character as a peaceful small town. 1888 Szentendre was connected with a suburban train to Budapest.

1926 Szentendre became a place of activity of an artists' colony. Its members have been working there and offer their works in local galleries and exhibitions to the public. In the 1990s, the city opened to tourism. In recent years, this factor determined with an international audience and the usual accompaniments such as hotels, restaurants, cafes and small shops the city.

Religions

Of the seven churches of Szentendre are today called three owned by the Serbian Orthodox Church, namely the churches Pozsarevacska and Preobrazsenszka and the main church of the Assumption, also Saborna and Belgrade 's Cathedral.

The rococo church of the Annunciation, originally Blagovestenska is today Greek Orthodox. The Church of St. Peter and Paul has taken over the Catholic Church, the Reformed Church took over the Opovacska Church.

Twinning

Szentendre has a partnership with Kalisz (Poland) and since 1989 with Wertheim (Baden- Württemberg, Germany ).

Culture and sights

Cross on the Plague

Marzipan Museum

Church Hill with the Roman Catholic Church

Serbian Orthodox Cathedral Belgrade

Sunset, one of the seven churches of Szentendre

Evening atmosphere on the Danube Promenade

Town hall

Reger tourism in the city

Museums

• Built from 1967 ethnographic open -air museum Szabadtéri Néprajzi Muzeum ( Ethnographic Open-Air Museum ), 1 km northwest of Szentendre, illustrates the rural architecture and living culture of Hungary. On display are 80 houses, three churches, 200 farm buildings, several bridges and a variety of traditional use and objets d'art.
• The Margit Kovács collection, in a baroque building from 1750, displays works of ceramic artist Margit Kovács ( 1902-1977 ), who belonged to the artists' colony of Szentendre.
• The Kmetty Museum.
• The Szentendre Gallery shows contemporary art exhibitions.
• The Vajda Lajos Museum displays works of Lajos Vajda (1908-1941), who summed up the hopelessness of the Hungarian interwar years in pictures
• Czóbel Museum. Béla Czóbel (1883-1976) was an Expressionist and Fauvist artists.
• In 1951 resulting in a historic Baroque building at Fő Square Ferenczy Károly Museum shows in its branch, the Roman Freilichtlapidarium on Dunakanyari ring, many stone monuments from the ancient Ulcisia Castra Castra and Constantia. On October 1, 2010, the previous museum at Fő Square was returned as compensating local Serbian Orthodox Church. The collections themselves moved into a much larger mansion restored in the Kossuth Lajos street, 2012. You can see there Hungarian crafts and works of the impressionist painter Károly Ferenczy and his children, the sculptor Beni Ferenczy and Gobelinkünstlerin Noemi Ferenczy. One of the most famous sons of the city, the archaeologist Sándor Soproni, was from 1951-1961 the museum director.
• The Pastry Museum employed, among others, with the world famous Hungarian Dobos cake.
• The Amos Imre Anna Margit Museum displays works of these two artists

Structures

• The main square Fő tér is surrounded by several Baroque and Rococo buildings. In its center is a 1763 as a thanksgiving for the end of a plague erected column.
• Also located on the main square are the Virgin Mary Annunciation church, built 1752-1755, designed by Andreas Mayer Hoffer, a native of Salzburg leader of Pest builders guild. Stonework led by the, also from Salzburg, in Kaisersteinbruch ( Császárkőbánya ) active Johann Gehmacher. The splendid interior combines Byzantine image content with Rococo and Louis XVI style ornament. The iconostasis inside painted Michael Zivkovic, a Serbian icon painting from Buda, in 1790.
• Church Hill ( Templom tér ) with the 13th- and 14th-century Roman Catholic, John the Baptist parish church consecrated and the still functioning oldest sundial in Hungary.
• Church of the Assumption or Belgrade Cathedral, built in 1756 and 1764, with an icon of Wall in 1780.

Specialty

• National Wine Museum
• Szabó Marzipan Museum in the town center, offers marzipan in all its forms is

Traffic

Road No. 11 connects to the north with the Szentendre only 20 km away Vac and Esztergom. To the south can be reached via the same direction the near Budapest. About the frequent transport suburban railway ( HEV ) is also reached Budapest very quickly. Morning and evening, there is a strong commuter traffic to and from Budapest.

At the opposite Szentendre Island runs just north of the town center a small car ferry.

Sons and daughters of the town

• Sándor Soproni (1926-1995), archaeologist
• Mihály Borbély ( born 1956 ), jazz, world and folk musician
• Kati Wolf ( born 1974 ), singer and model