Tallow, County Waterford

Tallow (Irish Tullow to Iarainn ) is a town in County Waterford, Ireland, to the 27 townlands with a total of 1,271 inhabitants include (as of 2011 ).

Geographical location

Tallow is located on the western border of County Waterford, on the road between the towns of Lismore and Youghal. The municipality is divided into the very fertile low-lying land in the valley of the opening into the River Blackwater River Bride and the further south Oberland. The municipal area is characterized by layers of different sedimentary rocks, limestone and shale in the basin and Old Red Sandstone in the Oberland.

History

There are notes on Neolithic stone circles in the upper country, almost all now are no longer recognizable at the surface of a 1716 -built by Josiah Bateman card. Similarly, there are in the Oberland evidence for dating from the early Christian period the council.

A church in Tallow is busy for 1199 and possibly this even goes back to the time before the beginning of the 1159 British invasion. Already significantly grown in the 13th century settlement may belonged to a fief, which the family received the FitzGerald in the late 12th century. However, city rights did not have the early settlement.

After the defeat of the Desmond rebellions Tallow fell in 1587 to Walter Raleigh. At this time Tallow has been described as run down and the new English settlers first had to make do with little support and inadequate conditions. There was also a growing resistance of the uprooted population, the opportunity to increasingly becoming militant uprisings took place during the predominantly in the north held nine -year war that reached its peak in October 1598, among other things, as Tallow also was burned down by the rebels. Tallow at that time had about sixty English households. Raleigh had been bled dry financially by the war and was forced to his extensive possessions in Munster, which also belonged Tallow, 1602 to sell well below their value to Richard Boyle.

Tallow for the change of ownership proved to be happy, because Boyle already 1608 benefited forming the local abundance of wood iron plant in Tallow built, the very growing to the prosperity of the settlement contributed, which received in 1613 the status of a Borough. During this time, Tallow became a local center of the English settlers with Tallowbridge, Curraglass, Lisfinny, Kilmacoe and Moegeley in the immediate neighborhood. 1622 Tallow already had 150 houses. The town developed on two intersecting streets and had a Court House, a prison and a market hall. Evidence of a city wall, there is not only a Landwehr is attested in 1641.

Significantly, the wool -processing textile industry in Tallow, which were founded by Flemish and Huguenot immigrants or English settlers with ties to the Netherlands. They all benefited from the generous financial support by Boyle. The fabrics were then shipped via Youghal in the Netherlands, where they were further processed into finished goods. Also covered are tanneries, breweries, flour mills and the cultivation of tobacco. Within walking distance to Tallow there was also a funded by Boyle glass industry, is still remembered by the names of the townlands Curryglass and Glasshouse, but are already in County Cork.

In the 18th century the importance of agriculture grew. In particular, dairy products have been increasingly in demand, with the result that the land prices and rents rose. Similarly, the population increased. The ownership structure remained largely unchanged and as lease units townlands have been widely used. According to the different geography in the lower and upper country, custom settlement methods revealed. In the basin of the tenant farmers lived in slate houses. The estate, which included partially still a Molkenhaus, more huts, vegetable and fruit gardens were typically fenced and were either in the middle of the respective townlands or in close proximity to a road. In comparison, consisting of only one to three huts settlements in the uplands were much poorer. In the second half of the 18th century and the growing parts of the land holdings were sold to the tenants. 1790 were only eight from the original total of 44 townlands to the Devonshire estate, which included the legacy of Richard Boyle. In the 19th century, however, the estate again concentrated increasingly on fewer families. In 1850, 80% of land ownership distributed on only seven owners.

With the support of the Board of First Fruits the Protestant St. Paul's Church was built in 1775, consisting only of a nave with lancet windows and a tower. Meanwhile, the church is no longer used by the Anglican Church. The Catholic St. Mary's Church was constructed in 1836 with a main nave and transept in the early neo-Gothic style. 1868 nor was added a tower. The center is dominated today by the historic 19th century shops and pubs.

Personalities

On the outer wall of the community hall three personalities to be honored with memorial plaques that are either born or grew up in Tallow: John Hogan (1800-1858) was a sculptor mainly religious works, who worked in Rome. Tobias Kirby (1804-1894) was Rector of the Irish College in Rome and closest friend of the Cardinal and Archbishop Paul Cullen, Dublin. Frank Ryan (1900-1965) was an operatic tenor.