Tāniko

Tanikô is a traditional method of weaving within the Māori weaving, which can be compared with a European Flechtmethode baskets and has been applied mainly to decorate robes. Taniko the method is considered to be particularly complicated. As Tanikô both the method and the actual pattern referred to, which are woven by.

• 2.1 The classical Māori period
• 2.2 The transitional period
• 2.3 The modern Māori period

• 3.1 The pre-Classical style
• 3.2 The classic style
• 3.3 The transitional style
• 3.4 The early modern Māori style
• 3.5 The late modern Māori style

Description

Tanikô does not need a loom, but is woven using only your fingers. In the traditional way the prepared flax fibers, or muka were mounted on a frame of two sticks, so that the Woven could be made between them. The sticks, turuturu on Māori, could be used by placing them either into the ground or leaning against a wall. However, for experienced weavers, it is possible to work without this framework. The first row of transverse threads of the woven pattern is Tanikô aho tapu called what "holy strike " means.

Materials

Originally ( Phormium tenax ) was used in Tanikô New Zealand flax, the fibers of which were won by two possible methods, Haro and Takiri. When Takiri method flax fibers must be less than the scraped Haro method.

Since Tanikô patterns need different colors, the flax fibers were dyed to provide the weavers black, yellow and red threads are available. Unstained fibers were used for white parts of the pattern. Each color came from a natural source: a special mud was black color, red - brown or Taotoa ( Phyllocladus tricomanoides ) [sic ] was prepared bark and yellow came from Coprosma tree species from Tānekaha ( Phyllocladus ).

Today Tanikô is rarely woven from flax. Instead, materials such as knitted silk or string to be used.

Pattern

Tanikô patterns were described in more detail than before recently, thanks to the work of Hirini Moko Mead. After an older system Tanikô can be divided into four general types of patterns:

• Waharua kopito: The meaning of this name is something like " a crossroads ". Such patterns consist of several composite diamonds.
• Aronui / Aonui: These patterns consist of triangles.
• Aramoana: The meaning "Way of the Sea" describes this zigzag pattern.
• Tukemata: Literally " eyebrows ". These patterns are also zigzag, but the spikes have notches.

Designed by Hirini Moko Mead system, however, suggests seven factions before:

• Grouping 1: Includes Aramoana and Tukemata pattern.
• Group 2: Aronui / Aonui pattern.
• Group 3: Pātikitiki patterns, which are described as being predominantly diamond-shaped. They differ from group 4, wherein a plurality of diamonds are placed one above the other.
• Group 4: Waharua or Whakarua kopito pattern.
• Group 5: pattern consisting of horizontal or vertical lines.
• Grouping 6: patterns that use frills, similar to the Kowhaiwhai of Maraegebäuden.
• Grouping 7: subjects that are not necessarily represent something traditional, such as a cross.

History

Tanikô emerged as an evolution of the previous Flechtmethoden and allowed a greater choice of patterns. As a cloak ornament Tanikô could be simultaneously integrated into the rest of the garment when weaving a cape instead of being sewn later.

There are three phases in the history of the development of Tanikô method: the classic Maori period ( 1650-1800 ), the transition period ( 1800-1900 ) and the modern Māori period (1900 to date).

The traditional Māori period

At this time Tanikô was exclusively used for decorating mantles, but these were not worn. The Tanikô patterns during this period were not particularly wide. In one type of cloaks they were actually covered while others cloaks were decorated on the sides and around the bottom edge around with Tanikô patterns - around the neck there was in these cloaks no such ornament. Here we saw Tanikô as single or Doppelbordüre. The appearance and placement of Tānikobordüren depended on the contemporary fashion.

The transitional period

As more and more Europeans settled in New Zealand, too many changes to the Māori people of the country came to. For example, they had to gradually adapt to the European way of clothing. Traditional garments were only used on special ceremonial occasions.

During the transition period changed the application of Tanikô by being not only used for cloaks. Borders were also wider and the pattern became more colorful and complicated.

The modern Māori period

For a time Tanikô was promoted during this period rather through tourism, but slowly took for Māori symbols of their culture and identity in importance. Tanikô appears at this time on garments such as headbands and outerwear, but instead of flax other materials are used, mostly wool. At the same time there are Tanikô patterns that are used, and not the traditional method itself, since the patterns such as wall carpets can now be made.

Tanikô styles

The appearance of Tanikô can be just like his story divided into several phases: the pre-classical style, which the classic that the transitional style, the style of early modern Māori and the Māori of the late modern style. These phases show the changes that have occurred in Tanikô patterns.

The pre-Classical style

• Complex, detailed, consisting of lines pattern
• Usually only two colors (dark background with white pattern )

The classic style

• Lots of black background
• Less lines, more shapes
• Colours used are red, black, white, and sometimes yellow

The transitional style

• Width borders of cloaks
• Complicated patterns
• Black is not only used as the background color
• More colorful colors by the use of wool
• European motifs are used

The early modern Māori style

• Other non-traditional motifs are used
• Other applications for Tanikô except as a cloak ornament occur
• Flourishes that disappeared after the pre-classical period, be used again
• Other materials instead of flax are used

The late modern Māori style

• The traditional Tanikô method is used less frequently
• Wool is used again
• Conservatives and new patterns appear

Presence

Although the traditional application of Tanikô was the ornament of capes, some others to come. Tanikô was used not only for clothing, but also to produce cages and traps, and in recent times it is seen on belts and bags, as well as on jewelry and other small items. In addition, you can now painted Tanikô pattern on some buildings to see.