Tannaim
As Tannaim ( Tannaim, Aramaic. Tanna = teacher; Aramaic tanna of Hebrew Hashanah, repeat, teach, learn ) the master / rabbis of the considered later as authoritative, verbally passed by constant repetition Jewish teachings are referred to, the teachers of the law, the teachings of form the content of the Mishnah, the teachers of the Mishnaic period.
Number, periodization and meaning
Their number amounts to over 250, they lived almost entirely in Palestine, starting with the schools of Hillel and Shammai, ending with Judah ha - Nasi.
Your literature: Mishnah, Tosefta, Baraita ( Tannaitic fragments in the Talmud ), halakhic midrashim.
The time period of the tannaim in the narrower sense is prepared from about 10 to 220, or 70-240. There are various dating approaches, transition periods and assignment problems. Similar to the Amoraim is divided into several generations. From the research a different number of usually between three and six generations is stated with divergent years information on demarcation. Thus, the German philologist Karl Bertau distinguishes three generations of Tannaim. At first he counts Rabbi Gamaliel II, Rabbi Akiba, Eleazar ben Azariah, Yehoshua ben Hananiah Judah ha - Nasi and, to the second Yishmael and Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, and the third generation Shimon bar Yochai. The Austrian Judaic scholar Günter Stemberger, however, divided into four generations of Tannaim. The Jewish Encyclopedia divided into six generations in accordance with the limits of 10 to 80 years, from 80 to 120, 120 to 140, 140 to 165, 165 to 200 and 200 to 220
On the Tannaim, the period of these teachings commenting amoraim followed (up to 500 ), then the Babylonian Talmud edited Saboraim (up to the 7th century ), and finally the period of Geonim ( until the 11th century ).
The Tannaim preceded the period of the so-called Soferim (starting with Ezra ).
The importance of the Tannaim is in the collection and organization of oral tradition in halachic codes ( Mishnah, Tosefta ) and halachic Torah exegesis ( halakhic midrashim ) at a time, in the chain of tradition from the persecution and death of the teacher and the destruction of cancel schools of learning threatened ( Jewish war, Bar Kochba revolt ).
Selected Tannaim
Tannaim of the first generation or "early Tannaim "
Rabbi Akiba - Ben Bag Bag - Hananiah ben Aqaschja - Hananiah ben Chizkijja ben Garon ( Gorion ) - Hanina - Hanina ben Dosa - Gamaliel I. - Hillel the Elder - Yochanan ben Zakkai - Nachum from Gimso - Nahum the Mede - Nechonja ben ha - Qana - Shammai - Simeon ben Gamaliel I. - Zadok
The second generation Tannaim
Abba Saul ben Batnit - Ben Assai - (R. Simeon ) nannos Ben - Ben Paturi - Ben Zoma - R. Hananiah ( Hanina or ) ben Gamaliel II (also: Gamliel ) - Hanina ben Teradjon - Dosa ben Archinus - Eleazar of Modiin - Eleazar ben Arach - Eleazar ben Azariah - Eleazar ben Zadok I. - R. Eleazar ben Parta - Eliezer ben Hyrcanus - Eliezer ben Jacob the Elder - Elisha ben Abuja - Gamaliel II - Yehoshua ben Hananiah - Yehudah ben Baba - R. Yehudah ben Batyra - Yochanan ben Beroka - Yochanan ben Nuri - Yose ben Chalafta - Jose ( f) of the priests - Jose ha - Gelili - R. Jose, son of Damaszenerin (ben Dormasqit ) - Mattia ben Cheresch - R. Papias - Pappus (ben Jude ) - Samuel the Small - Simeon ben Natanael - Simeon ha - Paqoli - R. Simeon of Timna (ha - Timni / ha - Temani, " from Teman " [ Edom ] ) - Rabbi Tarfon
The third generation Tannaim
Hananiah ben Chakhinai - R. Hananiah ben Yehuda - Rabbi Eleazar ben Judah, from Bartota ( Birtota? ) / Eleazar Isch Bartota - R. Ilai - Yehoshua ben Qorcha - ben Yehuda Ilai - Rabbi Yishmael - Yochanan ha - Sandelar - R. Johanan ben Torta - Jonatan - Joschia - Yose ben Qisma - Nechemja - Shimon ben Yohai - Simeon ben Gamaliel II
The fourth generation of Tannaim
Abba Eleazar ben Gamla - Abba Jose ben Dostai - Abba Saul - Achai ben Josiah - Chidka - Dosa - Dostai ben Yannai - Eleazar ben Yose ben Chalafta - Eliezer ben Jacob the Younger - Eliezer ben Jose ha - Gelili - Eurydemos ben Jose (ben Chalafta ) - R. Isaac - Jacob (ben Korschai ) - Yehudah ben Tema - Jose ben Yehuda - Rabbi Meir - Nathan ha - Babli - R. Nehorai - Pinchas ben Yair - Reuben ben Istrobeli - R. Simeon Schiqmona - Simeon ben Eleazar - Simeon ben Menasja
The fifth generation / transition Tannaim to the amoraim
Banna'a - Bar Qappara - Dostai ben Yehuda - Eleazar ha - Qappar - Judah ha - Nasi - R. Yehudah ben Laqisch - R. Yehudah ben Naqosa - R. Ishmael ben Jose (ben Chalafta ) - R. Jonathan ben Amram - R. Yose ben Meshullam - R. Yose ben Saul - Levi bar Sisi ( Sosius? ) - R. Mana in Akko - R. Menachem ben Jose (ben Chalafta ) - R. Simai - R. Simeon ben Chalafta - Simeon ben Judah - R. Simeon ben Yose ben Laqonja - Symmachos b. Joseph
Tannaim undefined, uncertain or contradictory assignment
Abba Chanin ( Chanan ) - Hananiah ( Tannait ) - R. Hananiah ben Aqabja (or Akiba ) - Eleazar ben Shammua - Eleazar ben Simon - Eleazar ben Zadok II - Eleazar Chisma - Issi (also Jose) ben Aqabja - Issi (shortening of Josef ) Issi ben Judah = the Babylonians () - R. Ishmael, son of Johanan ben Beroqa / Ishmael ben Yochanan ben Beroka - Jonathan ben Uziel - R. Jose ben Jasjan / Ben Jasjan - R. Jose ben tipper ( Kefar )?
Literature (selection )
- Heilprin: Seder ha - Dorot, Warsaw 1878 ff
- Bacher: The Agada of the Tannaim, 2 vols, 1884 ff
- A. Hyman: sefer toldot tannaim we- amoraim, 3 vols, London 1910
- Nahum Norbert Glatzer: study of the historical doctrine of the Tannaim, 1932
- Margolioth M. (ed.): Encyclopedia of Talmudic and geonic Literature, being a Biographical Dictionary of the Tanaim, amoraim and Geonim, 2 volumes, Tel Aviv 1960