Tao-Klarjeti

Tao Klardschetien (Georgian ტაო - კლარჯეთი, even Tao Klardscheti ) was a medieval Georgian kingdom. It was named after the former Georgian province of Tao. Today, the area in Turkey, in the regions of Erzurum, Artvin, Ardahan and Kars and part of the Rize Province situated.

History

Antiquity

In ancient times existed in Tao - Klardschetien the kingdom Diaochi since the 13th century BC Later, the northern parts of Colchis, the south of the Persian Empire, Pontus, Armenia and the Roman Empire included. Several times also the South was briefly part of a Georgian state, mostly Iberia.

Emergence of the Kingdom

The foundation for the emergence of the kingdom put the Erismtawari of Kartli, the Bagratide Ashot when he 807 the Arabs defied and so was forced to flee to the southwest of the country. There, built with the help of the Byzantines a new state on which soon identified himself as the Kingdom of the Georgians. The Byzantines gave him the title Kuropalat. The residence was initially the city Artanuji. His empire included the former Iberian provinces Tao, Klardsheti, Atschara, Nigali, Schaschweti, Artaani, Speri, Samtskhe Javakheti and. Soon succeeded Ashot also to conquer a part Inner Kart Liens to Ksani. Ashot founded the Georgian Bagratides Dynasty.

After the death Aschots the Arabs Kartli were completely reconquered, the tribe owned the Bagratides remained untouched.

Peak of the power

Soon the dynasty split into a klardschetischen and taoische two parts. One branch of Tao bore the title of King of Georgia, the other the king of Tao. Nevertheless, the unit Tao Klardschetiens remained largely intact and the economy and culture flourished. After Bagrat had helped the Arabs against the Emirate of Tbilisi, in order not to let this become more powerful, he was awarded Innerkartli. With this fluctuating policy between Byzantium and the Arab Caliphate, the kingdom was able to extend its limits. 842 regained the emirate Aschots son Bagrat in alliance with Muhammad, commander of the caliph, Inner Kartli. In the 860's, the area was lost to Egrisi - Abkhazia.

End of the 9th century came the Armenian kingdom of Shirak among the Armenian Bagratides to great power. The relationship with Tao Klardschetien was good, Adarnase II rescued by Tao Sumbat of Armenia even the throne. With the rapprochement between Armenia and Egrisi - Abkhazia, however, the two countries alienated again.

In the 10th century Dawit III could. extend his power significantly by Tao, thus driving the unification of Georgia. Tao went to this time together with other Christian states and Byzantium against the Arabs before whose empire collapsed. Short term could also Inner Kartli be recaptured, but the 924 again was lost in Abkhazia. As 976-979 but Asia Minor ' ventured a rebellion among Bardas Sclerosis against the rule of Byzantium, all that was in danger. Sclerosis conquered Armenia and almost all the Asiatic provinces of Byzantium. When he 978 the last Asia Minor province, took Nicaea, Constantinople was cut off from many sea and trade routes. Konstantin Opel turned to Dawit II of Tao for help and this destroyed his cavalry troops Sclerosis '. But Dawit received the territories of the Byzantine Empire to the sources of the Araxes and the headwaters of the eastern Euphrates for the time of his life. Dawit but incorporated them into his kingdom.

After another revolt in Asia Minor 987 this was conquered by the commander Bardas Phokas, who had put down the uprising. He reached for the imperial throne, and received this support from Dawit. As Phocas but was defeated Dawit had to promise the territories which he got 979 paid after his death to cede Byzantium. From 990 Dawit came time and again to the south against the Islamic states and finally reached the Lake Van.

As the battle over Kartli end of the 10th century intensified Dawit was asked by eristavis of Inner Kartli to protect his country. Then occupied this Inner Kartli and set his adopted son as a ruler. Since this had become 978 also King Egrisi - Abkhazia united with his accession in 1001 Nordtao the two large Georgian kingdoms to a united Georgian Kingdom.

After the death Dawits Südtao fell back to Byzantium.

Tao Klardschetien remained after the unification of Georgia during the Mongol period part of the kingdom.

Modern Times

1551 the territory Tao Klardschetiens was conquered by the Ottomans.

After the 10th Russian Turkish war from 1877 to 1878 were large parts of the region to the Russian Empire and formed the province of Kars. On April 22, 1918, the area initially fell to the Transcaucasian Federation, on 26 May 1918, the Democratic Republic of Georgia. In a supplemental agreement to the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, Soviet Russia renounced on August 27, 1918 in favor of Georgia to the area.

The Treaty of Kars on 23 October 1921, the largest part of Tao - Klardschetiens was re- Turkish. The smaller part belonged first to the Transcaucasian SFSR, from 1936 to the Georgian SSR, from 1991 to Georgia.

Religion

In Tao Klardscheti was particularly the monk Gregory of Chandsta from Opiza monastery. He and his students founded numerous Orthodox monasteries as Chandsta, Oschki, Khakhuli, Yeni Rabat İşhan, Bana and Berta. Tbeti was the most important monastery church in the region Schawscheti (around Şavşat ).

762230
de