Taqiyya

Taqiyya (Arabic تقية, fear, caution '), or also correct transcription taqiyya, referred to Shiite Islam permission to disregard at coercion or threat to life and property ritual obligations and to conceal their faith. In Sunni Islam, the principle of concealment of one's faith in dangerous situations, although is also known, but it is not there called Taqiyya.

Quran is the basis for the principle of Taqiyya Sura 3:28, where it says: . "Believers are not the disbelievers instead of believers take for friends who does this has no Community ( more) with God It is different, though. ye in front of them (ie the infidels ) is really afraid ( Illa at tattaqū minhum tuqāt ). " A friendship with unbelievers should therefore be then excused if there is reason to fear from them. Of the two used in this verse words tattaqū ( " her you he fears " ) and tuqāt ( " fearing " ), the term Taqiyya is derived.

Taqiyya in the Shia

The oldest literary evidence for the principle of taqiyya can be found in the poet's verses Kumait (d. 743/44 ), who was a disciple of the Alid and the Umayyads fought. In a poem on the Aliden he complained that he could walk on their path in secret and would feign a different attitude. For this behavior of concealment he used in the same poem the term taqiyya.

Reaching significance then received the Taqiyya in the teaching of the Shiite Imams Dascha ʿ far al-Sadiq. He recommended that the system as a means to escape political persecution by the Abbasids. He was, however, also accused of practicing compared to its own supporters Taqiyya. This called forth criticism particularly at the Zaidi Shiites.

In the later Imami Shia taqiyya received the dogmatic rank and duty character. The Eleventh Imam Hasan al - Askari is quoted as saying: ". A creditor who does not exercise the Taqiyya, as a believer without a head " Also sura 49:13, which says that the person who is the most upmarket with God, who is "the most God-fearing " is (al- ATQA ), was interpreted as a recommendation to taqiyya.

Glaubensverheimlichung outside of Shiism

As for the Glaubensverheimlichung the element of fear of massive persecution is relevant (Sura 16, verse 110), they could, as also originally founded in the Shia tradition of martyrdom, long time in the prevailing orthodox Sunnah not gain a foothold in the same way. However Glaubensverheimlichung comes as a means of security in Sunni Islam before alike.

The justification for Glaubensverheimlichung usually serves Sura 16:106, which states: "Whoever does not believe in God after he was a believer - except, who was forced, however, continue in the heart is a believer - who opens the chest but his unbelief, over the coming wrath of God, and the expected severe punishment " ( translator's H. Bobzin ). The students engaged in parenthesis Ausnahmebstimmung to have been disclosed in terms of the companions of the Prophet ʿ Ammar ibn Yasir, who had been forced to worship gods.

Narrated is also the case of two Muslim prisoner of the " false prophets " Musailima, one of whom chose a martyr's death, but the other saved his life by pretending to pay homage to the counter prophets. The Prophet Mohammed is said to have declared at the news of the death:

" The fatalities has passed away in his justice and his certainty of faith and has gained his glory; Healing him! The other but God has granted a relief, no punishment should meet him. "

In Islam-critical discourse Taqiyya is often interpreted as "duty to lie" and adjustment, the Muslims had allegedly offered. This allegation again is to certify similarity to anti-Semitic conspiracy theories of the 19th century.