Tar (instrument)

Tar (Persian تار, " string ", "string ", " dew ", " chord ", " fur ", probably short for ch [ ah ] âr - Tar, " four strings " ) is a plucked lute in Iran and several countries of Central Asia. An etymological relationship is to setar and sitar ( " three strings " ), Dotar ( " two strings " ), santur (possibly " 100 strings " ) and Greek kithara probably the guitar.

History

One finds the tar in many countries of the front and central Asian region, especially in Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkmenistan. In the Persian -speaking world to find it since the 19th century, where it originated before mid -18th century from the rebab ( related to the still played today in Afghanistan Rubab ). In particular, in the classical music of Iran, the tar has become since the Qajar dynasty one of the main instruments. In performances of classical Persian music is rarely dispense with the use of the excellent by their peculiar metallic sound Tar.

The tar having a figure eight-shaped, double lobed resonance body, which is cut from a block of wood. Typically, mulberry wood is used. Instead of a wooden ceiling of the bridge is on a parchment covering made from the skin of the lamb ( similar to a banjo or phonetically more similar to Turkish Cümbüş ). For attachment is a product made from the Iranian a temporary basis - root powder, which can be very easily removed by wetting again.

With the Persian tar can be played up to 2 1/2 octaves. As with most other Persian instruments, there is in addition to the full - and half-tones in the tar further nuances that have their justification in the existing five major tonalities Persian Dastgah system. The three choirs ( double strings ) are usually tuned CGC, CFC or DGC, distinguishing between the two melody strings choirs ( sim -e sefid and sim -e zard ) is a QT interval (rarely fifth apart ). Depending on the mood (or scordatura; persian كوک kuk ) but primarily used by the system or by a tonality Dastgah. The six, originally (without doubling the Bassaite ) five strings are made of steel or copper wire.

Known Tar player

  • Mirza Abdollah Farahani (1845-1918)
  • Only Ali Borumand (1905-1977)
  • Musa Ma'rufi
  • Nasrollah Zarin Panjeh
  • Ruhollah Khaleghi
  • Ibrahim Ashang
  • Salman Sepanlou
  • Hossein Senjari
  • Hossein Hungafarin
  • Ali Naghi Vaziri
  • Golgolab
  • Morteza Nidawud
  • Abolhassan Saba
  • Mohammad Reza Gorinzadeh
  • Mohammad Reza Lotfi ( b. 1947 )
  • Gholam Hossein Bikchekhani
  • Jalil Shahnaz
  • Majid Derakhshani
  • Dariush Tala'i
  • Hossein Alizadeh
  • Parham Nassehpoor
  • Houshang Zarif
  • Dawoud Azad
  • Sahba Motallebi ( born 1977 in Tehran / Iran)
  • Hovhannes Darbinyan ( born 1940 in Beirut )
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