Tarim Basin
The Tarim Basin ( Chinese:塔里木盆地, Pinyin: Tǎlǐmù Pendi ), located in the far west of China, with about 530,000 km ², the largest basin landscape in Central Asia.
Geography
The endorheic Great scenery, about 1,500 km long and in north-south direction approximately 600 km wide in east-west direction, is located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between 780 m in height (at the lake Lop Nor) in the east and 1410 m ( at Khotan ) in the south.
While the pool opens in east direction over relatively low mountains to the main part of China and in the direction of Mongolia, it is framed in the other directions by numerous high mountains: to the north of the Tianshan projects ( Dschengisch Tschokusu, 7439 m), in the west of the Pamir ( Kongur, 7719 m), in the southwest of the Karakorum (K2, 8611 m) and in the south of the Kunlun ( Liushi Shan, 7167 m).
In the center of the Tarim Basin, which is crossed by the Tarim in west-east direction, the Taklamakan Desert, which is made over the course of millions of years due to the continental climate and only a few precipitates resulting from the screening of the aforementioned mountain range stretches.
History
The pool was on the route of the Silk Road, which divided here and ran along the northern and southern edge of the Taklamakan inaccessible.
From 200 BC a climate change began: The rivers were rich in water and agriculture to improve the conditions. There were many city -ups ( for example, in Loulan, Miran, Haitou, Yingpan, Merdek and Qakilik ); some city but had to be abandoned due to lack of water after a new climate change until the 5th century.
The Arschi ( Tocharians ) to have been temporarily located around the basin in the region.
Due to drought, the lake Lop Nor in 1921 was parched. Water construction projects in 1949 increased water scarcity in the basin, which was perceived at the latest from the 1980s as an environmental disaster.
Economy
Approximately in the middle of the Taklamakan have been discovered large oil and gas deposits. To their development was built at a cost of approximately € 10 million per kilometer paved road which passes right through the desert of Bügür ( Luntai ) to Minfeng ( Niya ) in a north-south direction. This road with two-sided sand dunes fortifications and permanent street cleaning service is therefore considered as the most expensive street in the world in terms of their construction and their conservation.
Oasis economy is in the Tarim Basin in the Tarim and its tributaries, as well as at the edge of the basin.