Tawhid

Tawheed (Arabic توحيد, DMG Tawheed, belief in the unity ( and uniqueness ) ( of God) ' ) means " belief in the oneness of God ", derived from the verb وحد / waḥḥada /, unite, unify ' and corresponds to the concept of monotheism.

Tawheed means God (Arabic: Allah ) as the one to explain fully embrace the belief in the unity of God. This commitment is evidenced that there are no other gods besides God, that he was neither begotten nor created. The term comes (as well waḥḥada ) is not in the Koran, but rather Allah simplicity ( Ahad, Surah 112), and uniqueness is attributed to ( un Ilah wahid, 13 supporting documents; laa illa huwa ilāha, 29 documents whilst at the same significant expressions). Sura 112 (al- Ikhlás ) formulated: "Say: He is God, One and Only ( Allahu ahad ) ... He has not begotten, nor has been begotten ... " This Surah is also called Surat at- Tawheed. Are the first words of the Islamic profession of faith ( shahada ): " There are no gods other than the one God ... ". They are referred to as "the words of Tawheed ".

Unlike in the general study of religion common to Islam sees itself as the only monotheistic religion and speaks from Christianity and Judaism to be monotheists. They are seen as polytheists because they from the perspective of Islam God sons " associate " and operate thus shirk ( " Beigesellung " polytheism ). In Sura 9, 30 says: " The Jews say: ' Uzair ( Ezra ie ) is the Son of God ' (which is found is in no Jewish Scriptures ) and the Christians say: ' Christ is the Son of God.' ... How can they just be so cranky " dualists be fought with the statement from Sura 16, 51 :" And God said: Take not two gods! ". The later Islamic theology sees the divine unity practically always in opposition to the Christian Trinity. Religion Scientifically, both Jews, Christians and Muslims clearly monotheists.

Followers of Tawheed ( ahl al- Tawheed ) are generally Muslims; the Mu'tazilah identified himself as ahl al- Tawheed wal- ' adl أهل التوحيد والعدل / ahlu ʾ t- Tawhid wa - ʾ l - ʿ adl /, confessors of the unity of God and justice '.

The term in the plural Muwahhidun (Arabic موحد; literally " confessors of Tawheed " (name of the monotheists par excellence ) is used by some Islamic / Islamist groups such as the Wahhabis as a self-designation, he is also the name of the Berber dynasty of the Almohads. , al - Muwahhidun / الموحدون / al - Muwahhidun which made the doctrine of the unity of God with their religious-political program.

In addition, the term Tawheed in a more specific sense, often used in Sufism because the " union with God " ( herewith the resolution of one's will is in God's will and meant the task of their own egos ) to acquire, apply there as the ultimate goal of life. To get there, it requires a great effort ( jihad ) as a struggle against its own interior, the so-called "lower ego " ( an-nafs al - Ammara ). The highest level is considered the " pure ego " ( an-nafs al - safiya ), which can be only achieved by a few Sufis.