Temple of Castor and Pollux
The Aedes Castoris is a temple in the Roman Forum in Rome, who was the Dioscuri Castor and Pollux, sons of Zeus ordained.
He is one of the oldest temple on the Forum and is praised BC and have been inaugurated 484 BC after the Battle of Lake Regillus 499. According to tradition, the Dioscuri had helped the Romans to victory in the former battlefield. To thank the Romans had built the temple. In the year 117 BC, the temple of Lucius Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus was renewed. The temple served in the late Republic several times as a place for meetings of the Senate.
In the as received today, he was rebuilt by Emperor Augustus, and was consecrated AD in the name of Tiberius and his deceased brother Drusus in the redesign of the forum in year 6. Occasion and time of Gelobung this new building are unknown.
The temple in the 5th century BC
The exposed during the excavations structures in opus quadratum from Cappellaccio - Tuff to be connected to the first building. Thus, it was a temple Italic type with three cellen behind a deep pronaos. The orientation corresponded to the already observable, even today, but the temple was a little smaller than the Augustan building without initial whistle.
Conversion of the 2nd century BC
Remains of Opus caementitium, the ancient concrete evidence of a transformation in the course of the 2nd century BC, when you vorlagerte the tribune of the temple. In this context, the Pronaos was a little reduced. The panel itself was demolished and partly covered with plates of peperine to use as a platform can. The layout is likely to be reduced to a sine peripteros postico, that is, the column position to run only on three sides, the back side, however, had no pillars. The Cellaboden this construction was designed out of a white mosaic.
The Temple of Metellus
The podium was now composed of three caementicium complexes, which were later revealed by the Tiberian construction. The building was probably a oktastyler Peripteros with eight front columns, like its predecessor sine postico formed. Columns and entablature consisted of Roman travertine, which was covered with stucco, while the cella walls of blocks of Anienne tuff were formed. The interior of the cella was decorated with three columns on the long sides, of which the foundations have received. The floor was covered with a mosaic whose edges were taken by a multi-colored meander. In the course of the 1st century BC, the mosaic was replaced by a floor in opus sectile who represented perspectively rendered cubes,
The temple of Tiberius
The temple stood on a nearly 6 meters high and including an upstream platform about 30 x 50 meters large podium.
The temple was lateral staircases that led first to the offshore platform, accessible. From there they reached a broad flight of steps the pronaos of the temple.
The built in Carrara marble temple was a pyknostyler Peripteros of 8 x 11 columns. The columns stood on Kompositbasen whose doubled Scotia was separated by an ornate with two rods Mature. The lower column diameter was 1,47.5 meters. The richly decorated Corinthian capitals folgem the normal type, but have a rare variant in the intertwining of the helices. The abacus of the capitals graduated with an egg and dart.
It followed the architrave with three fascia, soffits which was lavishly decorated with candelabra -shaped axis cruising around rosettes and tendrils in the spandrels. A Anthemion from hanging flamed palmettes and complex compositions of lotus chalices graced the middle of the three Architravfaszien. The fascia itself were separated by beading and Scherenkymation. A rich vegetabilisiertes Bügelkymation completed the architrave. The frieze was the opposite simply left smooth and carried on the front of a three-line inscription.
Rich, corresponding to the profile sequences mediated Konsolengeison with its under captured by acanthus leaves Volutenkonsolen. The intermediary cassette fields, however, were turned decorated with rosettes. A pipe with a final egg and dart frieze crowned the corona. All these ornaments were to each other in a strict axial reference, which was also taken up by the non-functioning gargoyles one last time. Starting from the column axes through those correspondences the entire building.
Probably put the wealth of the exterior continue in the interior design, although no structural members are proven to bring the interior decoration in conjunction. Since even the construction of Metellus is to presuppose such also for the construction of Tiberius. In addition, shows the Forma Urbis, that the temple of Castor had an interior trim.