Tetramelaceae

Tetrameles nudiflora, habit of a tree at Ta Prohm at Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Tetramelaceae are a plant family within the order of pumpkin -like ( Cucurbitales ). With only two types, they have a paläotropische distribution.

Description

The two species grow as most deciduous (rarely evergreen ), high trees. The wood is soft. The change-constant leaves are divided into long petioles and leaf blades simple. The heart-shaped leaf blades are usually hairy and fluffy pinnately three to five lateral nerves. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. Stipules absent.

Tetramelaceae are dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ), so there are male and female plants. In the uppermost regions of the tree crown are long, droopy, eared inflorescences. The male inflorescences are usually branched and the female usually simple. The bracts fall off early. The flowers are organized quite differently in the two species ( see also the number specified in the genus name: tetra = four and octo = eight ): In Tetrameles the flowers are usually cruciform and it's a double perianth present. In Octomeles the flowers are usually six to achtzählig that ( sepalinen ) bloom are alike, not separated into calyx and corolla. In male flowers are four ( at Tetrameles ), or six to eight ( at Octomeles ), free stamens present. Four ( at Tetrameles ), or six to eight ( at Octomeles ), carpels are fused into one under constant, parakarpen, unilocular ovary, which contains many ovules in parietal placentation. The four or eight clear, concise, squat pen each terminating in a large scar.

Forming seed capsules, each containing 20 to 100 small seeds. The tiny seeds are ovate or ply.

Systematics and distribution

Species of this family have their home in the tropics: Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Malay Archipelago and Australia.

The first publication of the family name Tetramelaceae in 1965 by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw in Kew Bulletin, 18, p 267 The type genus is Tetrameles R.Br.. , But as a valid publication applies YZ Wang & Turland: Tetramelaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 13, 2007, p 151

In the family of Tetramelaceae there are only two monotypic genus, so only two types:

  • Tetrameles R.Br., with only one type: Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br.: Trivial names are: Thitpok (India), Baing or Sawbya (Burma), Mengkundor (Malaysia), Sompong (Thailand). This type usually has fourfold ( or rarely fivefold ) flowers. This board roots forming deciduous tree grows at altitudes between 200 to 500 meters in western India and Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Andaman Islands, in the tropical Himalayas ( from Nepal to Bhutan), in Southeast Asia, on the Indonesian archipelago and in Queensland, Australia.
  • Octomeles sumatrana Miq. ( Syn: .. Octomeles moluccana Teijsm & Binnend ex Hassk. ): This deciduous tree can reach heights of growth of over 40 m and trunk diameter of 1 m. This kind possesses ( or five ) six-to eight-fold flowers. On rivers this type is often a strong competitive pioneer plant. This species is native to Indonesia, East Malaysia, New Guinea, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands.

The species were formerly classified in the family of the bill hemp plants ( Datiscaceae ).

Use

The wood of both types will be used:

  • Octomeles sumatrana has the trade name: benuang, winuang, binuang bini, erima, irima, ilimo, Bilus, barong, barousan.
  • The wood of Tetrameles nudiflora is resistant to boring marine organisms and therefore is used in shipbuilding.

Swell

  • Description of the family of Tetramelaceae in APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Description of the family of Tetramelaceae at DELTA. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Yinzheng Wang & Nicholas J. Turland: Tetramelaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 13, 2007, p 151: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Merran L. Matthews & Peter K. Endress: Comparative floral structure and systematics in Cucurbitales ( Corynocarpaceae, Coriariaceae, Tetramelaceae, Datiscaceae Begoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Anisophylleaceae ) In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 145, 2004, p.129 - 185
Rosids Ovary (botany) Buttress root Broad-leaved tree
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