Theater auf der Wieden

The Freihaustheater or Theater auf der Wieden ( called on the play-bills usually Wiedner Theater ), was from 1787 to 1801, a theater in the complex of free house in the suburbs of Vienna Wieden. Its present fame owes the world premiere of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Magic Flute on 30th September 1791, an opera, which was performed in this house a total of 223 times.

History

Was built the Freihaustheater 1787. It was thus the second Viennese suburban theater, founded in 1781 after the Leopoldstadt theater. The theater was an angle on the surface of today's Operngasse between today's homes Operngasse 23 and 32

Founder and first director was Christian Rossbach, who opened the Freihaustheater on October 14, 1787 with the permission of Prince Georg Adam from Starhemberk ( owner of the house free complex) as well as approval of the Lower Austrian state government. From 1788 to 1789 Johann Friedel managed the house. 1789 Emanuel Schikaneder director, with whose name the Freihaustheater has since been connected. From 1790 to 1793 Joseph were of Farmer Field and 1799-1801 Bartholomew Zitterbart co-directors with Schikaneder.

One of Kapellmeister in Freihaustheater was John Hummel, father of the composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel.

Schikaneder and his equally talented director of the Leopoldstadt theater Karl von Marinelli then stood in fierce competition for the theater joyful Viennese public. So both were forced to create theater productions at a high level. This competition led inter alia to the planning and creation of the opera The Magic Flute of the even then well-known Mozart. Through the dedication of Mozart, the Schikaneder had known of his guest performances in Salzburg, the director hoped to be able to provide advantages over the Leopoldstadt theater. Another result of this competition was the inclusion of so-called magic operas, a new genus of pieces in the game plan of the house, such as The Philosopher's Stone or The Magic Island, and The Magic Flute.

The Schedules of the free home theater is well known even today. There were performances in the field of opera, ballet (although the performance of ballets was the court theaters reserved ), instrumental music and of course speaking of pieces, many popular but also less known works.

1798 played Ludwig van Beethoven on the fortepiano one of his own piano concertos as part of a large academy.

A highlight from today's, but also at that time, vision experienced the Stage in the open house with the premiere of The Magic Flute on September 30, 1791. The text for the opera director Emanuel Schikaneder himself had written. Josepha, the oldest sister of Mozart's wife Constanze sang in the premiere of The Magic Flute Queen of the Night. Mozart himself conducted world premiere at this and Schikaneder played Papageno. The Magic Flute was an extraordinary success already in Freihaustheater and is still one of the most famous and successful operas remained. The Mozart wells on Mozart Square commemorates the first performance in this theater.

The second most successful piece of theater in the open house was Schikaneder Tyroler Wastl that was listed here 118 times.

Finally Prince Starhemberg did not want to renew the lease for the theater. On June 12, 1801 ie just ten years after the premiere of The Magic Flute, the final performance was held in the theater, in the Schikaneder from the stage said to the audience:

He had previously had a property on the Wien River acquired where in the same year was in a very short time a new theater, the Theater an der Wien built and opened now far from the old Theatre auf der Wieden on June 13, 1801, just one day after the farewell performance in Freihaustheater, with its own opera " Alexander" (composed by Franz Teyber ) a new theater building and thus another chapter in the Viennese theater history. The theater in the theater was converted into rental apartments and later demolished.

Building

The plans for the Theater auf der Wieden came from landscape architect Andreas Zach. The two-story building was 30 meters long and 15 meters wide ( on the plans been given in fathoms ). Its roof was covered with tiles and was higher than the ridge height of the open house. Outwardly, it looked more like a barn than a theater.

The house had four goals. The main gate to the inner city bore the number 1 Goal number two was when you bear Muhlgasse, number 3 in the Schleifmühlgasse and gate number 4 led to the Wiedner Hauptstrasse and the then located here Naschmarkt. The two goals two and three were the lordships reserved.

The interior of the house included, among other things, the podium, the orchestra pit and simply painted auditorium floor classy, ​​Ground floor, classy gallery, the second gallery and a total of 20 boxes. The lower ground floor and ground floor noble and " guitar orchestra " there were " walls of wood and cloth ." Ignaz Castelli wrote: " On the stage stood on both sides of the portal two life-size figures, a knight with a dagger and a lady with a larva ." The benches of the " noble gallery " and a large part of the "parterre noble" were equipped with backrests and " red cloth ". Overall, the Freihaustheater to have offered space for over 1,000 spectators.

Repertoire

  • Oberon, King of the Elves by Friederike Sophie Seyler by Christoph Martin Wieland, Edit. by Karl Ludwig Giesecke, November 7, 1789 ( premiere )
  • The Philosopher's Stone or The Magic Island by Emanuel Schikaneder, September 11, 1790 ( premiere )
  • The Magic Flute by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, September 30, 1791 ( premiere )
  • The Tyroler Wastl by Emanuel Schikaneder ( world premiere)
  • Berchtesgaden symphony (also called " Toy Symphony " ) by Edmund Angerer (under the name of Joseph Haydn ) as part of a musical academy on April 13, 1791
  • Great Academy on 27 October 1798 Ludwig Fischer, who sang some arias, Ludwig van Beethoven on the fortepiano with one of his piano concertos and the " 94th Symphony ( The Surprise ) "by Joseph Haydn
  • Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • The Marriage of Figaro by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • The Abduction from the Seraglio by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Listed Titus by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, concert
  • The wisp of Ignaz Umlauf
  • The knight Roland ( Orlando Paladino = ) by Joseph Haydn
  • Moses of Süssmayr
  • Babylon pyramids first act of Johann Mederitsch, Act II by Peter von Winter, 1797 ( premiere )
  • The Labyrinth ( The Magic Flute Zweyter part ) by Emanuel Schikaneder with music by Peter von Winter, June 12, 1798 ( premiere )
  • The siblings of Johann Wolfgang Goethe
  • Macbeth by William Shakespeare
  • Alessandro e Campaspe or The Victory of Alexander over yourself, Jean Georges Noverre Ballet
  • Several children ballet troupe of Bogner

Directors

  • Christian Rossbach (1787-1788)
  • Johann Friedel (March 24, 1788-1789 )
  • Emanuel Schikaneder and Joseph of Bauersfeld (19 July 1790-10. January 1793 )
  • Emanuel Schikaneder (January 10, 1793-1799 )
  • Emanuel Schikaneder and Bartholomew Zitterbart (1799-1801)

Kapellmeister

Admission Prices

The ticket prices were initially between 7 kr. and 5 florins, but frequently were, especially among Schikaneder, who suffered from a lack of money regularly increased. At the time of opening of the theater on the Wieden was the entry:

  • Great Lodge for eight people: 5fl.
  • Small box for 4 people: 2 fl 30 kr.
  • Ground floor and classy gallery: 34 kr.
  • Second Place (2nd floor ): 17 kr.
  • Last place (entrance to the gallery ): 7 kr.
  • Royal box occasionally for 6 fl 50kr.
Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg Der Stein der Weisen Constanze Mozart Ludwig Fischer (bass) Peter Winter The Magic Flute's Second Part Christoph Willibald Gluck Alceste (Gluck) Otto Erich Deutsch Michael Lorenz (musicologist) Akademietheater Schauspielhaus (Wien) Integrated Authority File
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