Thermal fluctuations

The term fluctuation (from Latin fluctuare, back and forth vary ) denotes a ( persistent ) change ( fluctuation exchange ) of circumstances and conditions. Depending on the context of meaning and field fluctuation may reflect different situations and these represent otherwise.

Fluctuation in natural science

In many natural sciences and mathematics is meant by the random fluctuation change an otherwise known constant or oscillating system size, such as fluctuation in the gravitational field of the earth or fluctuation in a population of animals or sea level fluctuation.

In medicine fluctuation refers to the motion of a fluid under the skin. Moreover, it also means so that a continuous movement, usually of the extremities. It often occurs as a side effect of neurological drugs, for example, after several years of taking L- dopa preparations, see also dyskinesia.

Fluctuation in the Social and Economic Sciences

Turnover referred to in the social and economic science in a figurative sense, the exchange rate of personnel in companies, authorities or institutions as well as the entry and exit rate of people in an organization or group. It is thus a short form of the term attrition rate, which measures the change per unit of time or pay period.

Fluctuation changed, for example,

• The number of persons in an institution (students, prisoners, etc. )
• The number of employees of a company Calculation example: turnover rate = ( Disposals / medium headcount ) x 100
• The number of participants in an event ( visitors, viewers)

The term is sometimes also used with a wink or a euphemism to express the lack of confidence of the employees or members of the organization.

Types of fluctuation

• Institutional fluctuation An elementary school, which oversees the annual classes 1 to 4 has, by regular displacements of the students have an average turnover of about 25% per year or almost 100 % in four years.
• The Bundestag every four years an institutional turnover of 100 percent.

• The actual fluctuation at an elementary school is changed by training and inflows, other additions and disposals as well as repeaters or About Springer of grade levels.
• The institutional fluctuation of the Bundestag is significantly reduced by individual electoral success (re-election ) and the second votes.

External factors influencing staff turnover in companies

• The employment relationship of employees in company In private enterprises, mostly workers or staff turnover generally will be higher than in a public agency with a large proportion officials.
• The economic situation The fluctuation tends to be cyclical in Weddings higher than in phases of an economic downturn, as the staff dare more likely to change jobs.
• The number of unemployed With rising unemployment, the willingness to leave an employment relationship voluntarily drops.
• Loyalty to the company Through equity shares of employees in the companies (employee shares ), the turnover rate decreases, since a stronger bond between the factors of production personnel and capital exists.