Third

Third is the number three in a series or one of three or more people.

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Sociology and psychoanalysis

Overview

In the sociological theory is " the Third" the figure that within the interaction ( social interaction or inter-subjectivity ) on " I " and "you" ( ego and alter ego ) also assumes new functions for communication, not between two interaction partners still possible (agents, referees, the third party beneficiaries, the scapegoat, the schemer, the translator, etc.). In recent years, cognitive interests condense on the character and function of the " third party ". Pulses from philosophy, psychoanalysis and literature will be processing, sociology systematically determines a position of "third parties" in which - constitutive functions for subject formation and sociality are recognized - a distinction in principle of " ego" and "alter ".

Outside of sociology play the theorems of Freud and Lacan, Levinas, Serres and Girard a central role; within the sociology in addition to the classical contributions of Simmel also newer approaches to a thematization of the Third recorded - as in the sociological systems theory ( Luhmann "observer" ) and in the theory of rational decision ( Coleman's "Agent "). Fundamental to this discussion is the distinction between social theory (such as the subject of sociological research is determined, how does social at all? ) And social theory ( What kind of society do we live? ).

The reflection on the figure of the third refers first to the constitutive social theoretical assumptions of the different sociological approaches. This appeal in social theoretical perspective currently mostly - in various versions - the ego -alter dyad ( " double contingency ", " struggle for recognition ", " practical intersubjectivity ", " symbolic interaction ", " identity and alterity ", etc.) as starting point of their connection observations. The systematic reflection on the status of the "third parties" ( " the " personal party are not "that" third parties such as language or system or social order ) changed our understanding of sociality, opening up new possibilities sociological observation.

Just as the category of "others" a range of aspects and features bundles ( master and servant, cooperation, exchange, conflict, care ), so the "third party" (observer, agent, mediator, judge, hybrid, the " third space " scapegoat, " parasite ", Koalitionär ). The " figure of the third " structurally embodies the possibility of the presence / absence; insofar as it forms the social theoretical focal point when it comes to determining the " limits of the social " as well as the transition from the interaction ( at present ) for the institutionalization. In reflecting its position be linked actor- and system-theoretical approaches. The view of the third party donates differences between age and ego and compensates for them to an extent that would be the dyad is not possible out of himself. The triadic position is basal for the elicitation and perception of inequality, but also for the expectation of justice ( neutrality, judge). In this respect, the social theoretical transition from the "others" to "third parties" is far-reaching consequences for society theory.

Right

Third parties within the meaning of the law is any natural or legal person, in addition to two parties in a legal relationship (eg in the contract) occurs and may be involved in their own right.

Sports

In sports, third in the third place and thus the winner of the bronze medal is. Usually, the third party is with on the podium. Case of a tie also several third places may optionally be assigned.

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