Three-thousander

Three peaks are called mountains, but less than 4000 meters above sea level are at least 3000 high. Accordingly, names as eg two thousand, four thousand or eight thousand are common.

Climatological significance

In temperate latitudes, the three-thousand play an important role, since they themselves lie on a weekly basis in the summer under the zero - degree mark. So the 3000 chains always make important climate sheaths, and carry glaciation - in the Alps about the 3000 -meter contour line is the general limit of Nival stage, the glaciers mountains remain only sporadically under 3000 ( the Dachstein about than most eastern glaciated mountain in the Alps with 2995 m altitude no three-thousand ). In the Mediterranean, however, the 3000 ice-free stay in the tropics, the brand hardly matters, here lie the snow line at around 4,500 to 5,000 meters, in the dry continental areas (Trans Himalaya, Andes) to 6500 m.

Alpinism

The term " three thousand " is often used for reasons of tourism where only single peaks tower above this level - for example, in the Southern Alps, in the eastern part of Austria, in the Limestone Alps or the rest of Europe. So the Parseierspitze in the Lech Valley Alps with 3036 m the only three peaks of the Northern Limestone Alps.

In the Alps or the Pyrenees about requires the climb this height range and its often steep slopes of the mountain climbers already considerable experience and weatherproof equipment, what they - as well as the suddenness of some weather changes - from many two -thousand different tours. They do not represent consistently demanding high gear

The embossed in mountaineering concept of Light Three -thousand or three thousand meter designated hiking mountains above the mark that still are not particularly demanding tours. As typical "light" three-thousand example, the Sasso Lungo apply ( 3,152 m) in South Tyrol, which is erwanderbar of the Pordoi cable car in an hour, or by Umbrail pass on the 3033 meters high Piz Umbrail. At the highest light three thousand of the Alps include the Üsser Barrhorn ( 3620 m) in the Valais Alps and the Monte Vioz ( 3645 m, Southern Ortler group). In these tours, the lack of acclimatization to the already enormous height, the main risk represents the highest technically developed 3000 of the Alps ( and thus the highest cable cars in Europe) are the Klein Matterhorn ( 3,883 m) near Zermatt and the Aiguille du Midi ( 3,842 m) at the Mont Blanc.

Alps

The easternmost three peaks of the Alps are in the Hafner Group in the east of the Hohe Tauern ( from West to East: Great Hafner 3076 m, Lanischhafner 3018 m, Lanischeck 3022 m, Large or Malteiner Sonnblick 3030 m and Middle Sonnblick 3000 m). The northernmost 3000 are located in the northern ridges of the Hohe Tauern, Zillertal, Ötztal and Stubai Alps (and the Parseierspitze the Lech Valley Alps ). The southernmost 3000s are found in the main ridge of the Maritime Alps ( Argentara group), the Mercantour and the Pelat group with about a dozen of major peaks over 3,000 meters above sea level. In the eastern Alps, the southern border in the Bergamo Alps lies (3 main summit), the Adamello - Presanella ( about a dozen ) and the Dolomites ( around 50 peaks). This includes the mountainous regions of the Alps, in the peaks are over 3000m mark, roughly two-thirds of the area, this zone occurs in the western Alps total much closer to the edge of the Alps, as in the Eastern Alps with its extensive Vorgebirgssystemen: The easternmost 3000 is over 200 km from the Pannonian Alps edge away, the westernmost only about 60 from the Rhone Valley. A major chunk of this sensitive high alpine area is covered by protected areas, but it also forms the core tourism area in the Alps.

The Switzerland, France, Austria, Italy have many hundreds of mountain peaks over 3,000 meters. Germany's Zugspitze 2,964 m misses the mark almost round, Slovenia Triglav is already well below the mark. Liechtenstein, although the only country that lies entirely in the Alps, has no 3000 on national territory.

Rest of Europe

In addition to the Alps, the dominant mountain - if one disregards the Caucasus, which forms a possible border of Europe, and with the Elbrus ( 5,642 m) as presented Europe's highest mountain - only aggregate following major mountain systems in three-thousand:

  • Pyrenees: Pico de Aneto ( 3.404m ); more than two hundred three thousand
  • Sierra Nevada: Mulhacen ( 3,482 m, the highest mountain in south-eastern Europe ), with a dozen three-thousand - sticks.

Spain is thus in addition to the four main Alpine countries - and apart from Russia and Turkey, as well as the states with non-European colonies - the only other country in Europe, with three thousand.

Another three thousand is the highest volcano in Europe, the 3,323 m high Mount Etna in Sicily.

The highest mountains of South Eastern Europe do not reach the 3,000 mark in short supply. In Bulgaria, located in the Rila Mountains of the 2,925 m high Musala and the Pirin Mountain, the 2,914 m high Vihren. Also, the highest mountain in Greece, Mount Olympus 2,918 m, remains below the 3000-meter mark.

Dinarides, Carpathians and Iberian Mountains vagina remain below 2,700 m, the other mountain ranges in Europe at 2,500 m.

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