Thutmose IV

Thutmose IV, also Djehutimes, the eighth ancient Egyptian King (Pharaoh) was the 18th Dynasty ( New Kingdom ). He reigned about 1397-1388 BC ( Helck: 1388-1379, Krauss: 1400-1390 BC)

Surnames

• Horus name: With perfect appearances ( Varies: Lovers of Thebes and son of Atum )
• Nebti - name: With resistant kingship as Atum, or with powerful phenomena in all countries
• Gold Name: With ample clout the back beats the 9 arc ( Varies With resistant [ kingship, etc. ] as Harachte )
• Throne name: Men- cheperu - Re ( Neutral are the manifestations / phenomena / figures of Re). This name was chosen to his eponymous grandfather Thutmose III. to play. Whose throne name was Men - cheper -Re, which is almost identical in content and also in the spelling of almost identical in Ancient Egyptian. The little difference is only in the case of singular and plural of Cheper and Cheperu.
• Epithet: From Re of created / chosen one, ruler of the Maat

Family

• Father: Amenhotep II
• Mother: Tiaa
• Siblings: Aa - chepru -Re, Si -Amun, Ahmose, Amenemipet, Ubensenu, Nedjem, Amenhotep twice
• Wives: Nefertari, Jaret and Mutemwia, suspected of, she was a daughter of the Artatama I of Mitanni been
• Sons: Amenhotep III, Amenemhet Amenhotep Meri chepesch among others.
• Daughters: Tiaa, Amenemipet, Tent -Amun, Petepihu

Origin

Pharaoh Thutmose IV was the son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. With the concubine Mutemwia he had the son of Amenhotep III.

After the Dream Stela of Thutmose IV was commander of the charioteers in Memphis before his accession to the throne. He lay for a lion hunt fatigued in the shadow of the great Sphinx of Giza. In a vision of the sun god Ra asked him to free the Sphinx from the desert sand. But he promised him the royal crowns. Shortly after the accession of Thutmose IV fulfilled the divine plea and he erected between the paws of the Sphinx, the Dream Stela, whose inscriptions tell of his life. The Egyptologist Christine El Mahdy interprets the dream board so that Re Thutmose promised the regency, and that Thutmose freed the Sphinx, because he saw himself as the natural son of the sun god ( one contrary to common belief very unusual idea in Ancient Egypt ) and only his duty towards his father fulfilled. El- Mahdy sees this as the beginning of a personal relationship with the royal family to a god that under Amenhotep III. was expanded ( greater worship of Aton in the image of the solar disk ) and Amenhotep IV ( Akhenaten ) peaked.

Rule

About Thutmose IV, little is known. He took over the government when Egypt was at the peak. His grandfather Thutmose III. had extended the boundaries far to the Middle East - also the father of Amenhotep II waged wars to secure the borders to Mitanni and the Hittites. In the seventh / eighth year of his reign he led the usual punitive expedition by Nubia, a campaign in the Near East is occupied. After 17 Peret IV ( March 6, 1388 BC) Thutmose IV died, followed on 18 Peret IV joined the coronation to the throne by Amenhotep III. , Who on 27 Schemu II (May 15 ).

Domestic Policy

Politically, Thutmose IV proved to be very skillful.

His viziers were Hepu, Ptah - hotep and Ptahmose, Viceroy of Kush was a man named Amenhotep.

Marriage policy

However, under Thutmose IV the Hittites were a threat and Mitanni sought relations with Egypt. Therefore, the Pharaoh made ​​a covenant with the king of Mitanni Artatama I. and married his daughter. However, the identity of the Mutemwia is not secured with this daughter Artatamas.

The son of this marriage should then later his successor Pharaoh Amenhotep III. be. This was a change of tradition, as the rightful king had hitherto been only the son of a royal Egyptian woman.

Construction

The construction activities of Thutmose IV are detectable throughout the empire. In his first year of reign he had erected the Dream Stela between the feet of the much older Sphinx of Giza and later built the temple of his predecessors in the realm sanctuary of Karnak on. Like his predecessor, he built his mortuary temple at Qurna and let in the Valley of the Kings his grave Create ( KV43 ), which was discovered by Howard Carter in 1903. Already in the throes of post- Amarna period, this grave had been broken and restored in the 8th year of Horemheb. The mummy of Tuthmosis IV however, it has been found in the grave of his father Amenhotep II, where she had been brought into the 21st Dynasty to protect from grave robbers.

Sculpture in the round

The plastic Thutmose IV represents an evolutionary transition dar. the king was type initially the beauty ideal of the early 18th Dynasty obliged to Thutmose IV sets new standards in its images. In the physiognomy is to be noted that the eyes exterior angle of the center ( cf. EM Cairo CG 42080 ) developed the top ( cf. EM Cairo JE 43611 ). Thus, the visual axis is tilted and there are " cat eyes ". His successor, Amenhotep III. nor can also embellish with wide, opened eye rims around the eyes.