Tibetic languages

The Tibetan languages ​​( Tibetan short ) form a subunit of bodischen languages ​​belonging to the Tibeto-Burman languages ​​, a primary branch of the Sino Tibetan. The approximately 50 Tibetan languages ​​are spoken by 5.6 million people in the Himalayan region, especially in Tibet, northern India, Nepal and Bhutan. The largest single language is the Central Tibetan, which is spoken by 2 million Tibetans in the provinces of Lhasa, Shigatse and Ngari.

To designate

The term " Tibetan languages ​​" is used here in a broader meaning than the term " Tibetan languages ​​". The latter includes only the classical Tibetan and its modern variants, but not more distantly related languages ​​such as Dzongkha, Bumthang or Lhokpu. In the German literature, there is no uniform understanding this. Instead of " Tibetan " is sometimes called " Bodisch " used that but usually - as in this case - is used for the more comprehensive unit comprising except the Tibetan nor the Tamang Ghale languages, Tshangla, Takpa and Dhimal -Toto ( see Bodische languages). In the English literature "Tibetan " is for " Tibetan", " Bodish " " Tibetan " and for " Bodic " used " Bodisch " for.

Tibetan within the Sino Tibetan

  • Sino-Tibetan Tibetobirmanisch Bodisch Tibetan

Classification and numbers of speakers

  • Tibetan or Tibetan i.w.S. Tibetan Classic Tibetan †
  • Northeast Amdo ( 800 thousand ) Dialects: Brogpa, Rongpa, Rtahu, Golog
  • Kham ( 1.5 million) Dialects: East, West, South, North; Hbrugcgu, Jone = Honi = Cone
  • Tibetan ( Central Tibetan) ( 2 million) Dialects: Lhasa = Ü = dBus, Shigatse = Tsang, Ngari
  • Nyarong ( Atuentse )
  • Sherpa ( Sherpa Solukhumbu ) (60 thousand)
  • Helambu Sherpa (10 thousand)
  • Dolpo (10 thousand)
  • Halung ( flush, Olang Chung ) (10 thousand)
  • Lakha (8 K )
  • Lhomi ( Shingsaba ) ( 6 thousand )
  • Jirel (5 thousand)
  • Mugu ( 4 thousand )
  • Other: Tichurong ( 1500 ), Kyerong ( 1000 ), Baragaunle ( 2000 ), Nupri ( Larkya Bhote ) ( 3000 ), Tsum ( 3000 ), Khaccad Bhote, Langthang Bhote, Kagate ( 1000 ), Limirong ( Humla ) ( 3000 ) Karmarong ( 2000 ), Jad ( 2000 ), Brokkat (300)
  • Zangskari ( Zanskari ) (10 thousand)
  • Chang Tang Ladakhi
  • Spiti ( Biti ) (50 thousand)
  • Lahuli Bhoti (5 thousand)
  • Kinnauri Bhoti ( Nyamskad ) ( 6 thousand )
  • Other: Uttarakhand Bhoti, Gadhval Bhoti, Tholing Bhoti, Stod Bhoti
  • Ladakhi (100 thousand) Dialects: Leh, Shamskat
  • Balti ( 340 thousand )
  • Purik (130 thousand)
  • Dzongkha ( Drukha, Dzongkha ) ( 160 thousand ) Dialects: Wang The, Ha, Pasakha; Laya, Lunana, Lingzhi, Adap
  • Dränjoke ( Sikkim Bhoti, Sikkimesisch, Dandzongka, Denjong, Denzong, Lachengpa ) (30 thousand)
  • Cho -ca- nga -ca- kha (20 thousand) Dialects: Tsamangpai, Tsakalingpai, Kurmetpai
  • Jumowa ( Dromowa, Groma, Chumbi ) (15 thousand)
  • Bumthang (30 thousand) Dialects: Ura, Tang, Chogor, Chunmat; Nupbikha
  • Kheng (40 thousand)
  • Kurtöp (10 thousand)
  • Nyenkha ( Henkha ) (10 thousand)
  • Dzala ( Khoma ) (15 thousand)
  • Chali (1,000)
  • Dakpa (1,000)
  • Olekha ( Ole Mönpa, Black Mountain Language) (500)
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