Tiento

Tiento ( m., Spanish: touch, similar to the Italian term Toccata ) or Tento (Portuguese ) is a term for various musical forms, which was common especially for keyboard instruments for centuries in the Iberian music.

The early Tiento

The early Tiento was a fixation of free improvisations. At this early form is one of the Tiento para harpa u órgano by Alonso Mudarra ( Seville 1546), here played on a spinet:

Sound example 1.32 MB? / I

In the early Baroque, the term Tiento often called a contrapuntal piece of organ music in the style of intabulierten vocal polyphony, but with extra long diminutions, the Glosas.

The Tiento de medio registro

A special form of Tiento, the Tiento de medio registro (Spanish ) or Tento de meio registo (Portuguese ) that the Tiento for shared register. This form of Tiento could be just because of the uniform division of the manuals of the Iberian Baroque organs between c 'and c #' develop, on the other hand, however, prevail even there. These Tientos one or two solo voices against two or three accompanying voices are provided by the treble and bass half of the manual are registered differently.

Handy for solo voice (s) comes every solo registration in question, the sound clear enough stands out from the accompanying voices, for the accompanying voices or more principals, stopped. Longer pieces can also be divided into several sections with different time signatures, eg change from binary to ternary clock ( Tripla ). In such multi-part Tientos there is often the opportunity to change the registration of the solo but also the accompanying voice (s). Likewise, a previously monophonic solo thereafter be continued in two voices.

Registration Examples

For the registration of Tientos there are virtually no sources. The examples listed here are realizable on Spanish organs of time.

The sound samples from Tientos of Francisco Correa de Arauxo were played on the organ in 1765 the San Juan Bautista Church Marchena.

Diskantsolo

Possible registrations for Tientos de medio registro with Diskantsolo ( de mano derecha, de tiple, alto ) are:

  • Corneta VI ( Cornet 8 ' 6 f. ); Bass: Flautado ( Principal 8 ')
  • Clarín batalla ( Horizontal Trumpet 8 '); Bass: Flautado, Octava, Quincena, Diezynovena ( principals 8 ' 4' 2' 11 / 3')
  • Flautado, Diezynovena ( Principal 8 ', Quinte 11/3 '); Bass: Tapado Violón ( Gedackt 8 ')

Possible registrations for Tientos de medio registro with Bass Solo ( de mano izquierda, de bajón, de baxón ) are:

  • Trompeta real, Bajoncillo (inner Trumpet 8 ', Horizontal Trumpet 4'); Treble: Flautado, Octava, Docena, Quincena, Lleno ( principals 8 ' 4' 22 / 3' 2', mixture )
  • Octava nasarda; Docena; Quincena; Diezisetena ( Flute 4 ' Quinte 22/3 ' Octave 2 ' third 13/5 '); Treble: Flautado ( Principal 8 ')
  • Double Bass Solo: Orłoś ( Regal 8 '); Treble: Tapado violon Tapadillo (, stopped 8 ' 4' )

Composers

Tientos de medio registro have survived, among others, the following composers:

  • Sebastián Aguilera de Heredia (1561-1627)
  • Francisco de Peraza (1564-1598)
  • Francisco Correa de Arauxo (1584-1654)
  • Pablo Bruna (1611-1679)
  • Gabriel Menalt († 1687 )
  • Andrés de Sola (1634-1696)
  • Francisco Espelt (ca. 1650-1712 )
  • Sebastián Durón (1660-1716)
  • Bartolomeo de Olague (17th century)
  • Pedro de San Lorenzo (17th century)
  • Diogo da Conceição (17th century)
  • Pedro de Araújo (17th century)
  • Juan Baseya (17th century)
  • Juan Bautista José Cabanilles (1644-1712)

The late Tiento

Some of the Tientos of Juan Cabanilles is multipart -scale forms whose sections are already very close to the Central European joint.

Antonio Soler finally uses the term intento (Spanish: attempt) for his early classical fugal sets.

Adaptations in the music of the 20th century

  • Manuel Castillo (1930-2005) - 1972 Preludio y tiento chacona for Organ
  • Ernesto Halffter (1905-1989) - 1973 Tiento for Organ
  • Maurice Ohana (1913-1992) - 1955 Tientos for Guitar
  • Musical genre
Marchena, Spain
775786
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