Time loop
A time loop is a recursive concatenation of the time.
Normally follows each time the presence of irreversible a time in the future: all the events happen in sequence and causal - the effect follows the cause and never vice versa. In a time loop, the direction of the timeline, however, is bent so as to intersect with a point in the past or future. This takes a plunge in the time limits to a particular environment.
Prime example in literature and film is the classic theme of the time machine that can travel in time with usually only a single person. Often this is associated with a correction of the past and the corresponding ( dramatic grateful ) tangles and changes that would, however, violate the principle of causality.
Theory models
The equations of general relativity have solutions that allow time loops. This would require a sufficiently strong curvature of spacetime by huge masses of matter.
A presented by Fernando de Felice theory assumes that it is the consequences of a time warp in the so-called gamma-ray bursts. According to his calculations would be a black hole, which contains about 100-1000 million solar masses, bend space-time so much that a time loop. Felice is a black hole from which (as also assumed in quasars ) incorporated in the course of millions of matter, which comes from a surrounding disk of matter. The friction within this rotating disk ensures gamma radiation from a small part - de Felipe estimates about one percent - falls into the time warp. The total radiation that receives the black hole in this way in the future, would now leave after de Felipe account the time loop when they arise again and perceived by the observer as a gamma-ray burst.
The ability to use such a time warp for travel to the past, however, given the severity of conditions in the vicinity of a black hole is probably only for elementary particles. Each solid matter would be torn. For time travel by living organisms, such as those described in science fiction sometimes, there is still no physical model. The consequences of loss causation would also be so severe that most scientists reject such a possibility. Is well illustrated the basic problem in the famous Terminator Filmquadrilogie: Mechanical Engineering want to turn off a resistance fighter, by sending a robot into the past, which is to assassinate the mother of resistance leader before his birth. The resistance fighter learns of it and send ( ignorant ) his own father behind to protect the woman from the very same resistance fighters is begotten.
Literature and Media
In the relevant literature, time loops and time jumps are common. The most famous early proponent is HG Wells' 1895 published, later filmed novel " The Time Machine ". As an extreme, satirical Excessively example of a multiple time loop is given by Stanislaw Lem in the story " Seventh Journey" in The Star Diaries: an adventure of " Space Munchausen " Ijon Tichy, which in itself a in a time vortex identical multiple copies from different times desert brawl supplies.
Time loops are also in movies a popular topic, such as in " And Groundhog Day ", " Retro Active ", " 12:01 " and " Déjà Vu - race against time ", " source code" or "Triangle - The Fear comes in waves ". Time loops found in the three-part series " Back to the Future " use, in which the protagonist occasionally ( almost) self encountered in his travels in time. The time grinding here even close to several points in time. In many other sci-fi movies time loops or time travel are also subject, for example in television series such as "Star Trek ", " Stargate - Kommando SG -1" or " Seven Days - Seven Days ".